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    <title>The Story of Nitrogen</title>
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    <description>How one nutrient shapes life in fields and streams, soil and sea.</description>
    <copyright>© 2025 Regents of the University of Minnesota</copyright>
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    <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2025 09:35:58 -0500</pubDate>
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      <title>The Story of Nitrogen</title>
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    <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
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    <itunes:summary>How one nutrient shapes life in fields and streams, soil and sea.</itunes:summary>
    <itunes:subtitle>How one nutrient shapes life in fields and streams, soil and sea..</itunes:subtitle>
    <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Greg Klinger</itunes:name>
    </itunes:owner>
    <itunes:complete>No</itunes:complete>
    <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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      <title>The Story of Nitrogen TRAILER</title>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>1</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>The Story of Nitrogen TRAILER</itunes:title>
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      <pubDate>Tue, 31 Aug 2021 16:26:42 -0500</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
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      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>184</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/5c70bdb0/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Episode 1- The Leaky Barrel</title>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>1</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Episode 1- The Leaky Barrel</itunes:title>
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      <link>https://share.transistor.fm/s/b6582874</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:</strong><br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDn7muQwvzQ">Nitrogen and phosphorus in lakes</a></p><p><strong>To learn more:</strong><br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2017.1375176">The complicated relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in lakes</a></p><p><a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-06/documents/hypoxia_integrated_assessment_final.pdf">Hypoxia and eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico<br></a><br></p>]]>
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        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:</strong><br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RDn7muQwvzQ">Nitrogen and phosphorus in lakes</a></p><p><strong>To learn more:</strong><br><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2017.1375176">The complicated relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in lakes</a></p><p><a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-06/documents/hypoxia_integrated_assessment_final.pdf">Hypoxia and eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico<br></a><br></p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Oct 2021 05:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
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      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>2946</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>How does nitrogen shape life in environments as diverse as cropland, lakes, and oceans? Why does nitrogen increase the abundance of life in some places  while decreasing it in others? And why do we sometimes consider these changes “good” or “bad”? We start to tackle these questions in conversations with experts on Minnesota lakes and the Gulf of Mexico.

Interviewees: Chris Filstrup, Nancy Rabalais</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>How does nitrogen shape life in environments as diverse as cropland, lakes, and oceans? Why does nitrogen increase the abundance of life in some places  while decreasing it in others? And why do we sometimes consider these changes “good” or “bad”? We star</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/b6582874/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Episode 2- The Leaky Barrel, continued</title>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>2</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Episode 2- The Leaky Barrel, continued</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[<p><br><strong>Related content:</strong></p><p>To learn more:<br><a href="https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/1996/ne_1996_peterjohn_001.pdf">Nitrogen saturation symptoms in the Fernow forest</a></p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2017.1375176">The complicated relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in lakes</a></p><p><a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-06/documents/hypoxia_integrated_assessment_final.pdf">Hypoxia and eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico</a></p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p><br><strong>Related content:</strong></p><p>To learn more:<br><a href="https://www.fs.fed.us/nrs/pubs/jrnl/1996/ne_1996_peterjohn_001.pdf">Nitrogen saturation symptoms in the Fernow forest</a></p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/20442041.2017.1375176">The complicated relationship between nitrogen, phosphorus, and eutrophication in lakes</a></p><p><a href="https://www.epa.gov/sites/default/files/2016-06/documents/hypoxia_integrated_assessment_final.pdf">Hypoxia and eutrophication in the Gulf of Mexico</a></p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Nov 2021 05:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
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      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>2826</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Many of our crops need less nitrogen fertilizer when grown after legumes, such as soybeans, alfalfa, or field peas. Legumes are plants that can take- or “fix”- nitrogen out of the air, where it exists in near limitless amounts, and add it to the soil. This ability to fix nitrogen is common in nature, in environments as diverse as fields, forests, lakes, deserts, and seas, and yet the demand for nitrogen by living things is often greater than the supply produced by nitrogen fixation. Why is this the case? We look at nitrogen in our water, forests, and cropland to get to the bottom of this fundamental question.

Interviewees: Chris Filstrup, Nancy Rabalais, Mary Beth Adams</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Many of our crops need less nitrogen fertilizer when grown after legumes, such as soybeans, alfalfa, or field peas. Legumes are plants that can take- or “fix”- nitrogen out of the air, where it exists in near limitless amounts, and add it to the soil. Thi</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/29b7e378/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Episode 3- Winners and Losers</title>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>3</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Episode 3- Winners and Losers</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <link>https://share.transistor.fm/s/4dcf48b3</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:<br></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkQ58I53mjk">The "I Love Lucy" chocolate factory conveyor belt</a></p><p><strong>To learn more:</strong><br><a href="http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0038071716300840/pdf/S0038071716300840.pdf">How changes in nitrogen impact nitrogen-"burning" (nitrifying) microbes</a></p><p><a href="https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_oikxfoy8">DNRA and nitrogen cycling microbes in agricultural soils</a></p>]]>
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        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:<br></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NkQ58I53mjk">The "I Love Lucy" chocolate factory conveyor belt</a></p><p><strong>To learn more:</strong><br><a href="http://manuscript.elsevier.com/S0038071716300840/pdf/S0038071716300840.pdf">How changes in nitrogen impact nitrogen-"burning" (nitrifying) microbes</a></p><p><a href="https://mediaspace.illinois.edu/media/t/1_oikxfoy8">DNRA and nitrogen cycling microbes in agricultural soils</a></p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 08 Nov 2021 05:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/4dcf48b3/85d0909c.mp3" length="61392128" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>3067</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Why do some creatures that live in the soil benefit from more nitrogen while others are harmed? This episode tackles the question of how soil microbes are affected by nitrogen fertilizers and how this in turn changes the way we need to manage our soil.  Along the way, we get some help from scientists Bruce Potter, Chelsea Carey, and Sada Egenreither, a few bad wildlife analogies, and Lucille Ball.

Interviewees: Bruce Potter, Chelsea Carey, Sada Egenreither</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Why do some creatures that live in the soil benefit from more nitrogen while others are harmed? This episode tackles the question of how soil microbes are affected by nitrogen fertilizers and how this in turn changes the way we need to manage our soil.  A</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/4dcf48b3/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Episode 4- The Soil Bank Account</title>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>4</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Episode 4- The Soil Bank Account</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <link>https://share.transistor.fm/s/e8deafe6</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p><p><strong>To learn more:</strong><br><a href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1206&amp;context=agron_pubs">Nitrogen, organic matter decomposition, and corn yields</a></p><p> <a href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/175603/Frelich%20et%20al%202006.pdf?sequence=1">Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free forests</a> </p><p><strong><br></strong><br></p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:</strong></p><p><strong>To learn more:</strong><br><a href="https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1206&amp;context=agron_pubs">Nitrogen, organic matter decomposition, and corn yields</a></p><p> <a href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/175603/Frelich%20et%20al%202006.pdf?sequence=1">Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free forests</a> </p><p><strong><br></strong><br></p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Nov 2021 05:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/e8deafe6/1a4c72ed.mp3" length="68805248" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>3437</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>In the Midwest, most of the nitrogen our crops use comes from organic matter in the soil rather than the fertilizers we apply. The amount of nitrogen the soil provides can change dramatically from year to year, leading to added complication for farmers. Are there ways to help us predict how our soil management, and other factors like the weather, influence the nitrogen that’s available to crops?

Interviewees: Mike Castellano, Lee Frelich, Tom Pyfferroen</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>In the Midwest, most of the nitrogen our crops use comes from organic matter in the soil rather than the fertilizers we apply. The amount of nitrogen the soil provides can change dramatically from year to year, leading to added complication for farmers. A</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/e8deafe6/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Episode 5- A Legacy of Salts</title>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>5</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Episode 5- A Legacy of Salts</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <link>https://share.transistor.fm/s/df526f65</link>
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        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:<br></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0kiYmKShsw">Nitrate removal from water</a><strong></strong></p><p><a href="https://www.mda.state.mn.us/segwresources#Videos">How does water (and things like nitrate) move through bedrock?<strong><br></strong></a><strong><br></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GgCwmAYj5s">Great video on water movement through soils</a><br><strong><br>To learn more:<br></strong><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/114/17/4453.full/">Chloride in freshwater lakes</a></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbm2uemjBPE&amp;t=3s">Integrating water management practices to remove nitrate<br></a><br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-irSjH2e1w">Wetlands, bioreactors and other ways to remove nitrate from water</a></p><p><a href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/162612">Groundwater flow in southeastern Minnesota</a></p>]]>
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      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p><strong>Related content:<br></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0kiYmKShsw">Nitrate removal from water</a><strong></strong></p><p><a href="https://www.mda.state.mn.us/segwresources#Videos">How does water (and things like nitrate) move through bedrock?<strong><br></strong></a><strong><br></strong><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0GgCwmAYj5s">Great video on water movement through soils</a><br><strong><br>To learn more:<br></strong><a href="https://www.pnas.org/content/114/17/4453.full/">Chloride in freshwater lakes</a></p><p><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jbm2uemjBPE&amp;t=3s">Integrating water management practices to remove nitrate<br></a><br><a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1-irSjH2e1w">Wetlands, bioreactors and other ways to remove nitrate from water</a></p><p><a href="https://conservancy.umn.edu/handle/11299/162612">Groundwater flow in southeastern Minnesota</a></p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Nov 2021 05:00:00 -0600</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
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      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>3419</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>If you want to understand how nitrogen behaves in the soil, it pays to think about two things: water and time.  These two factors control when and how much nitrogen can be lost from soil. They also help explain why some landscapes accumulate the nitrate form of nitrogen while others do not. Join us as we discuss how nitrogen moves through soils, how we can control its losses, and the surprising connections between nitrate, road salt, and nuclear testing.

Interviewees: Hilary Dugan, Jeff Strock, Mike Castellano, John Barry</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>If you want to understand how nitrogen behaves in the soil, it pays to think about two things: water and time.  These two factors control when and how much nitrogen can be lost from soil. They also help explain why some landscapes accumulate the nitrate f</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/df526f65/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
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      <title>Episode 6- The Rule of 1.2</title>
      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>6</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Episode 6- The Rule of 1.2</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[Welcome back to this 6th, bonus, episode of “The Story of Nitrogen”!  This episode is all about nitrogen fertilizers and how we decide what rate of fertilizer to apply to our ground.  This is a question I and many others have tried to tackle in our careers, and one whose answers regularly surprise and humble us.  This episode is also about another question, one which anyone can relate to regardless of whether they work in agriculture or not, one which every person will have a different answer to: “How good is good enough?”
Interviewees: Emerson Nafziger, Fabian Fernandez, Paul Trcka]]>
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        <![CDATA[Welcome back to this 6th, bonus, episode of “The Story of Nitrogen”!  This episode is all about nitrogen fertilizers and how we decide what rate of fertilizer to apply to our ground.  This is a question I and many others have tried to tackle in our careers, and one whose answers regularly surprise and humble us.  This episode is also about another question, one which anyone can relate to regardless of whether they work in agriculture or not, one which every person will have a different answer to: “How good is good enough?”
Interviewees: Emerson Nafziger, Fabian Fernandez, Paul Trcka]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 20 Jun 2022 06:00:00 -0500</pubDate>
      <author>University of Minnesota Extension</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/bdc94b69/a76dd017.mp3" length="160501802" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>University of Minnesota Extension</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>4011</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Welcome back to this 6th, bonus, episode of “The Story of Nitrogen”!  This episode is all about nitrogen fertilizers and how we decide what rate of fertilizer to apply to our ground.  This is a question I and many others have tried to tackle in our careers, and one whose answers regularly surprise and humble us.  This episode is also about another question, one which anyone can relate to regardless of whether they work in agriculture or not, one which every person will have a different answer to: “How good is good enough?”
Interviewees: Emerson Nafziger, Fabian Fernandez, Paul Trcka</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Welcome back to this 6th, bonus, episode of “The Story of Nitrogen”!  This episode is all about nitrogen fertilizers and how we decide what rate of fertilizer to apply to our ground.  This is a question I and many others have tried to tackle in our career</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Nitrogen, agronomy, natural resources, water, forests, hypoxia </itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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