The Last Theory Transistor (https://transistor.fm) https://feeds.transistor.fm/the-last-theory The Last Theory is an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics. In 2020, Stephen Wolfram launched the Wolfram Physics Project to find the elusive fundamental theory that explains everything. On The Last Theory podcast, I investigate the implications of Wolfram's ideas and dig into the details of how his universe works. Join me for fresh insights into Wolfram Physics every other week. © Kootenay Village Ventures Inc. 2022 0f2ea4a0-c7fe-5c9a-b5ce-8baeb4e43308 yes The most fundamental scientific breakthrough of our time en Sun, 22 Mar 2026 11:42:14 -0700 Sun, 22 Mar 2026 11:43:11 -0700 https://lasttheory.com/ https://img.transistorcdn.com/VqJNGOWRlxnf7denl-TjmcL1Tw4xOVgTtV4m_bZYINI/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9zaG93/LzI2OTAwLzE2Mzk4/NjM1ODAtYXJ0d29y/ay5qcGc.jpg The Last Theory https://lasttheory.com/ episodic Mark Jeffery The Last Theory is an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics. In 2020, Stephen Wolfram launched the Wolfram Physics Project to find the elusive fundamental theory that explains everything. On The Last Theory podcast, I investigate the implications of Wolfram's ideas and dig into the details of how his universe works. Join me for fresh insights into Wolfram Physics every other week. The Last Theory is an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram Kootenay Village Ventures Inc. No No Wolfram on philosophy 81 81 Wolfram on philosophy full b8849ae7-45db-459a-bd2f-98443b0806e4 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/081-wolfram-on-philosophy Stephen Wolfram has many philosophical ideas, but I’ve not heard him talk about pure philosophy.

When I asked him about the relationship between physics and philosophy, I understood why.

Stephen revealed that he’s much more at home in the concrete world of computer experiments than in the arguments of the philosophers.

“When I look at the arguments,” he says, “I can’t tell if they make sense or not. There’s too much wiggling...”

—


Stephen Wolfram

People and concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Stephen Wolfram has many philosophical ideas, but I’ve not heard him talk about pure philosophy.

When I asked him about the relationship between physics and philosophy, I understood why.

Stephen revealed that he’s much more at home in the concrete world of computer experiments than in the arguments of the philosophers.

“When I look at the arguments,” he says, “I can’t tell if they make sense or not. There’s too much wiggling...”

—


Stephen Wolfram

People and concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 22 Mar 2026 11:42:13 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 439 Stephen Wolfram has many philosophical ideas, but I’ve not heard him talk about pure philosophy.

When I asked him about the relationship between physics and philosophy, I understood why.

Stephen revealed that he’s much more at home in the concrete world of computer experiments than in the arguments of the philosophers.

“When I look at the arguments,” he says, “I can’t tell if they make sense or not. There’s too much wiggling...”

—


Stephen Wolfram

People and concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How different observers think differently with Stephen Wolfram 80 80 How different observers think differently with Stephen Wolfram full 8a160bc3-e0af-4a13-9485-c7f21eadc7df https://lasttheory.com/podcast/080-how-different-observers-think-differently Do different observers think differently? Or does the principle of computational equivalence mean that all observers think the same way?

Stephen Wolfram takes this question and runs with it.

If we had brains the size of planets, he suggests, the finite speed of light would force us to think of space and time differently, and abandon the fiction of an instantaneous state of space.

If we had brains the size of molecules, he says, we’d no longer think of the motion of molecules as random, and we’d find the heat death of the universe a far more interesting prospect.

And if we were able to hold multiple paths through the multiway graph in our minds at the same time, we’d have multiple threads of experience... and some complicated conversations!

We think the way we think because we are the way we are... if we were much larger-scale, much smaller-scale or if we had multiway minds, then we’d think very differently.

And this has some serious consequences, Stephen suggests, in fields as diverse as molecular biology and parallel computing.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Credits

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Do different observers think differently? Or does the principle of computational equivalence mean that all observers think the same way?

Stephen Wolfram takes this question and runs with it.

If we had brains the size of planets, he suggests, the finite speed of light would force us to think of space and time differently, and abandon the fiction of an instantaneous state of space.

If we had brains the size of molecules, he says, we’d no longer think of the motion of molecules as random, and we’d find the heat death of the universe a far more interesting prospect.

And if we were able to hold multiple paths through the multiway graph in our minds at the same time, we’d have multiple threads of experience... and some complicated conversations!

We think the way we think because we are the way we are... if we were much larger-scale, much smaller-scale or if we had multiway minds, then we’d think very differently.

And this has some serious consequences, Stephen suggests, in fields as diverse as molecular biology and parallel computing.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Credits

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 05 Mar 2026 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 593 Do different observers think differently? Or does the principle of computational equivalence mean that all observers think the same way?

Stephen Wolfram takes this question and runs with it.

If we had brains the size of planets, he suggests, the finite speed of light would force us to think of space and time differently, and abandon the fiction of an instantaneous state of space.

If we had brains the size of molecules, he says, we’d no longer think of the motion of molecules as random, and we’d find the heat death of the universe a far more interesting prospect.

And if we were able to hold multiple paths through the multiway graph in our minds at the same time, we’d have multiple threads of experience... and some complicated conversations!

We think the way we think because we are the way we are... if we were much larger-scale, much smaller-scale or if we had multiway minds, then we’d think very differently.

And this has some serious consequences, Stephen suggests, in fields as diverse as molecular biology and parallel computing.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Credits

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is time in Wolfram Physics? 79 79 What is time in Wolfram Physics? full ccb2c7e0-4904-4dac-bb1b-a46cabd3ed51 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/079-what-is-time-in-wolfram-physics Physics, the way we’ve thought about it for the last few hundred years, requires us to make assumptions about time.

In our old way of thinking, just as we must assume three axes of space – scales along which we can measure what’s where – so we must assume an axis of time – a scale along which we can measure what happens when.

It doesn’t matter whether, like Newton, we assume an absolute scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a giant clock in the sky, or whether, like Einstein, we assume a relative scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a tiny clock in each and every reference frame.

Either way, we must assume an axis of time.

Wolfram Physics, on the other hand, doesn’t require us to make anyassumptions about time.

We need only posit the application of rules to the nodes and edges of the hypergraph, and time emerges.

The evolution of the hypergraph is time...

...which gives us a profound clue, not just to the nature of time, but to the nature of the universe.

—

References

  • The canonical mass of a neutron star is 1.4 solar masses
  • The mass of the Sun is 1.988416 × 10^30 kg
  • The mass of a neutron is 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg
  • So the number of neutrons in a neutron star, assuming neutron stars are made entirely of neutrons (which they’re not), is 1.4 × 1.988416 × 10^30 kg / 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg ~ 10^57

Credits

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Physics, the way we’ve thought about it for the last few hundred years, requires us to make assumptions about time.

In our old way of thinking, just as we must assume three axes of space – scales along which we can measure what’s where – so we must assume an axis of time – a scale along which we can measure what happens when.

It doesn’t matter whether, like Newton, we assume an absolute scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a giant clock in the sky, or whether, like Einstein, we assume a relative scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a tiny clock in each and every reference frame.

Either way, we must assume an axis of time.

Wolfram Physics, on the other hand, doesn’t require us to make anyassumptions about time.

We need only posit the application of rules to the nodes and edges of the hypergraph, and time emerges.

The evolution of the hypergraph is time...

...which gives us a profound clue, not just to the nature of time, but to the nature of the universe.

—

References

  • The canonical mass of a neutron star is 1.4 solar masses
  • The mass of the Sun is 1.988416 × 10^30 kg
  • The mass of a neutron is 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg
  • So the number of neutrons in a neutron star, assuming neutron stars are made entirely of neutrons (which they’re not), is 1.4 × 1.988416 × 10^30 kg / 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg ~ 10^57

Credits

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 05 Feb 2026 12:30:02 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1103 Physics, the way we’ve thought about it for the last few hundred years, requires us to make assumptions about time.

In our old way of thinking, just as we must assume three axes of space – scales along which we can measure what’s where – so we must assume an axis of time – a scale along which we can measure what happens when.

It doesn’t matter whether, like Newton, we assume an absolute scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a giant clock in the sky, or whether, like Einstein, we assume a relative scale along which we can measure what happens when according to a tiny clock in each and every reference frame.

Either way, we must assume an axis of time.

Wolfram Physics, on the other hand, doesn’t require us to make anyassumptions about time.

We need only posit the application of rules to the nodes and edges of the hypergraph, and time emerges.

The evolution of the hypergraph is time...

...which gives us a profound clue, not just to the nature of time, but to the nature of the universe.

—

References

  • The canonical mass of a neutron star is 1.4 solar masses
  • The mass of the Sun is 1.988416 × 10^30 kg
  • The mass of a neutron is 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg
  • So the number of neutrons in a neutron star, assuming neutron stars are made entirely of neutrons (which they’re not), is 1.4 × 1.988416 × 10^30 kg / 1.67492750056(85) × 10^-27 kg ~ 10^57

Credits

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Think like an alien with Stephen Wolfram 78 78 Think like an alien with Stephen Wolfram full 2b415b65-bfc3-4ec8-8800-da1afff1936c https://lasttheory.com/podcast/078-think-like-an-alien Different observers, from different regions of the ruliad, experience the universe in different ways.

To what extent can these different observers communicate their different experiences?

Can dogs, with their olefactory ways of mapping their worlds through scent, truly understand humans, with our one-dimensional ways of mapping our world through language?

Can humans, with our one-dimensional streams of language, truly understand AI image generators, with their parallel diffusion models?

If we ever met aliens, would we be able to communicate with them?

How might it be to think like an alien?

Stephen Wolfram explores some of the mind-bending implications of different regions of the ruliad giving rise to different experiences of the universe. 

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Different observers, from different regions of the ruliad, experience the universe in different ways.

To what extent can these different observers communicate their different experiences?

Can dogs, with their olefactory ways of mapping their worlds through scent, truly understand humans, with our one-dimensional ways of mapping our world through language?

Can humans, with our one-dimensional streams of language, truly understand AI image generators, with their parallel diffusion models?

If we ever met aliens, would we be able to communicate with them?

How might it be to think like an alien?

Stephen Wolfram explores some of the mind-bending implications of different regions of the ruliad giving rise to different experiences of the universe. 

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fri, 02 Jan 2026 10:08:25 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 553 Different observers, from different regions of the ruliad, experience the universe in different ways.

To what extent can these different observers communicate their different experiences?

Can dogs, with their olefactory ways of mapping their worlds through scent, truly understand humans, with our one-dimensional ways of mapping our world through language?

Can humans, with our one-dimensional streams of language, truly understand AI image generators, with their parallel diffusion models?

If we ever met aliens, would we be able to communicate with them?

How might it be to think like an alien?

Stephen Wolfram explores some of the mind-bending implications of different regions of the ruliad giving rise to different experiences of the universe. 

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Ruliad + observer = physics ... also aliens 77 77 Ruliad + observer = physics ... also aliens full a6ce3d2d-75bd-40c2-a2e1-7c17ca95a6b9 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/077-ruliad-observer-physics The ruliad is every possible computation. What could you possibly say about such an enormous, all-encompassing object?

Well, that’s where we come in.

Particular observers sample the ruliad in particular ways.

Observers like us sample the ruliad in ways that give rise to physics as weknow it.

Ruliad + observer = physics.

In this excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he explores how physics, mathematics and biology all arise from this same enormous, all-encompassing object, the ruliad.

He gets to aliens, too, asking such provocative questions as how far from us in rulial space are the nearest aliens?

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The ruliad is every possible computation. What could you possibly say about such an enormous, all-encompassing object?

Well, that’s where we come in.

Particular observers sample the ruliad in particular ways.

Observers like us sample the ruliad in ways that give rise to physics as weknow it.

Ruliad + observer = physics.

In this excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he explores how physics, mathematics and biology all arise from this same enormous, all-encompassing object, the ruliad.

He gets to aliens, too, asking such provocative questions as how far from us in rulial space are the nearest aliens?

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 18 Dec 2025 09:44:10 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 756 The ruliad is every possible computation. What could you possibly say about such an enormous, all-encompassing object?

Well, that’s where we come in.

Particular observers sample the ruliad in particular ways.

Observers like us sample the ruliad in ways that give rise to physics as weknow it.

Ruliad + observer = physics.

In this excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he explores how physics, mathematics and biology all arise from this same enormous, all-encompassing object, the ruliad.

He gets to aliens, too, asking such provocative questions as how far from us in rulial space are the nearest aliens?

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to simplify the causal graph 76 76 How to simplify the causal graph full eb1cf8a0-fcc3-4d43-bf0e-dd0ffe13f36d https://lasttheory.com/podcast/076-how-to-simplify-the-causal-graph The hypergraphs generated by Wolfram Physics are complex and chaotic.

The multiway graphs that trace every possible evolution of these hypergraphs become extremely complex and extremely chaotic after only a few iterations.

The causal graphs that plot which of the events in these multiway graphs has to happen before which of the other events look like spaghetti.

If we’re going to find mass/energy or momentum in Wolfram Physics – or special relativity or general relativity or quantum mechanics – then the causal graph is the place to look.

But if we’re going to have to find all of physics in a causal graph that looks like spaghetti, then I give up.

If we’re going to find all of physics in the causal graph, then we’re going to have to simplify.

How to simplify the causal graph?

Two ways:

  • use a simpler rule; and
  • collapse multiple nodes representing the same event into a singlenode.

Don’t worry, by the time we’re done, that’ll all make sense!

This is the pivotal episode in my exploration of Wolfram Physics. It establishes a firm foundation what comes next. From here on, we’ll be able to make serious progress... towards mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The hypergraphs generated by Wolfram Physics are complex and chaotic.

The multiway graphs that trace every possible evolution of these hypergraphs become extremely complex and extremely chaotic after only a few iterations.

The causal graphs that plot which of the events in these multiway graphs has to happen before which of the other events look like spaghetti.

If we’re going to find mass/energy or momentum in Wolfram Physics – or special relativity or general relativity or quantum mechanics – then the causal graph is the place to look.

But if we’re going to have to find all of physics in a causal graph that looks like spaghetti, then I give up.

If we’re going to find all of physics in the causal graph, then we’re going to have to simplify.

How to simplify the causal graph?

Two ways:

  • use a simpler rule; and
  • collapse multiple nodes representing the same event into a singlenode.

Don’t worry, by the time we’re done, that’ll all make sense!

This is the pivotal episode in my exploration of Wolfram Physics. It establishes a firm foundation what comes next. From here on, we’ll be able to make serious progress... towards mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 11 Dec 2025 11:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 2146 The hypergraphs generated by Wolfram Physics are complex and chaotic.

The multiway graphs that trace every possible evolution of these hypergraphs become extremely complex and extremely chaotic after only a few iterations.

The causal graphs that plot which of the events in these multiway graphs has to happen before which of the other events look like spaghetti.

If we’re going to find mass/energy or momentum in Wolfram Physics – or special relativity or general relativity or quantum mechanics – then the causal graph is the place to look.

But if we’re going to have to find all of physics in a causal graph that looks like spaghetti, then I give up.

If we’re going to find all of physics in the causal graph, then we’re going to have to simplify.

How to simplify the causal graph?

Two ways:

  • use a simpler rule; and
  • collapse multiple nodes representing the same event into a singlenode.

Don’t worry, by the time we’re done, that’ll all make sense!

This is the pivotal episode in my exploration of Wolfram Physics. It establishes a firm foundation what comes next. From here on, we’ll be able to make serious progress... towards mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Where's Mark? 75 75 Where's Mark? full 66fec99c-d172-4441-a0f1-3cebd748b036 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/075-where-is-mark It’s been a while since my last episode of The Last Theory or Open Web Mind.

Where am I?

It might look like I’m lazing in the sun, but actually I’ve been working hard.

For The Last Theory, I’ve been working on a long episode, more involved than any I’ve ever made, and more important than any I’ve ever made.

It’ll unlock mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.

And I’ve been working on Open Web Mind, too, making serious progress towards launch.

So I’m sorry for the delay, but it’ll be worth the wait.

In the meantime, make sure you’re subscribed to my newsletters at lasttheory.com and openwebmind.com to be the first to know when the train’s leaving the station.


—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> It’s been a while since my last episode of The Last Theory or Open Web Mind.

Where am I?

It might look like I’m lazing in the sun, but actually I’ve been working hard.

For The Last Theory, I’ve been working on a long episode, more involved than any I’ve ever made, and more important than any I’ve ever made.

It’ll unlock mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.

And I’ve been working on Open Web Mind, too, making serious progress towards launch.

So I’m sorry for the delay, but it’ll be worth the wait.

In the meantime, make sure you’re subscribed to my newsletters at lasttheory.com and openwebmind.com to be the first to know when the train’s leaving the station.


—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 15 Nov 2025 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 67 It’s been a while since my last episode of The Last Theory or Open Web Mind.

Where am I?

It might look like I’m lazing in the sun, but actually I’ve been working hard.

For The Last Theory, I’ve been working on a long episode, more involved than any I’ve ever made, and more important than any I’ve ever made.

It’ll unlock mass/energy, momentum, special relativity, general relativity and quantum mechanics.

And I’ve been working on Open Web Mind, too, making serious progress towards launch.

So I’m sorry for the delay, but it’ll be worth the wait.

In the meantime, make sure you’re subscribed to my newsletters at lasttheory.com and openwebmind.com to be the first to know when the train’s leaving the station.


—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Black holes in the hypergraph with Stephen Wolfram 74 74 Black holes in the hypergraph with Stephen Wolfram full 536aa08b-06cf-4990-9f44-d66a06f49634 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/074-black-holes-in-the-hypergraph Electrons may be tiny black holes propagating through the hypergraph.

After all, electrons and black holes have much in common: they’re carriers of pure motion, they’re all the same – from the outside, at least – and we don’t know what’s going on inside them.

Just as black holes may cloak the remants of collapsed civilizations, so electrons may hold secret histories of their paths through the universe.

Stephen Wolfram takes this idea further. If particles, such as electrons, are the carriers of pure motion in physical space, what are the carriers of pure motion in branchial space and rulial space? Maybe, in rulial space, it’s the discrete concepts we use to communicate ideas from one mind to another.

These are fascinating speculations, but Stephen insists that we need not know what a particle is to make progress with his framework. We can understand energy without knowing what a particle is; we can understand momentum without knowing what a particle is; maybe we can even derive Quantum Field Theory from the Wolfram model without ever knowing what a particle is.

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

Videos and images

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Electrons may be tiny black holes propagating through the hypergraph.

After all, electrons and black holes have much in common: they’re carriers of pure motion, they’re all the same – from the outside, at least – and we don’t know what’s going on inside them.

Just as black holes may cloak the remants of collapsed civilizations, so electrons may hold secret histories of their paths through the universe.

Stephen Wolfram takes this idea further. If particles, such as electrons, are the carriers of pure motion in physical space, what are the carriers of pure motion in branchial space and rulial space? Maybe, in rulial space, it’s the discrete concepts we use to communicate ideas from one mind to another.

These are fascinating speculations, but Stephen insists that we need not know what a particle is to make progress with his framework. We can understand energy without knowing what a particle is; we can understand momentum without knowing what a particle is; maybe we can even derive Quantum Field Theory from the Wolfram model without ever knowing what a particle is.

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

Videos and images

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fri, 29 Aug 2025 14:15:02 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1314 Electrons may be tiny black holes propagating through the hypergraph.

After all, electrons and black holes have much in common: they’re carriers of pure motion, they’re all the same – from the outside, at least – and we don’t know what’s going on inside them.

Just as black holes may cloak the remants of collapsed civilizations, so electrons may hold secret histories of their paths through the universe.

Stephen Wolfram takes this idea further. If particles, such as electrons, are the carriers of pure motion in physical space, what are the carriers of pure motion in branchial space and rulial space? Maybe, in rulial space, it’s the discrete concepts we use to communicate ideas from one mind to another.

These are fascinating speculations, but Stephen insists that we need not know what a particle is to make progress with his framework. We can understand energy without knowing what a particle is; we can understand momentum without knowing what a particle is; maybe we can even derive Quantum Field Theory from the Wolfram model without ever knowing what a particle is.

—

Stephen Wolfram

References

Videos and images

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No The causal graph is objective reality 73 73 The causal graph is objective reality full 205ec904-77cc-4e34-8bdf-2cebe050e167 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/073-the-causal-graph-is-objective-reality The multiway graph shows every possible evolution of the universe.

So, if we can compute every possible reality, does that mean that there’s no single objective reality?

Well, the causal graph, it turns out, collapses every possible reality into a single objective reality in a way that’s so unexpected that you’ll be left wondering: how did that just happen?

—

References:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The multiway graph shows every possible evolution of the universe.

So, if we can compute every possible reality, does that mean that there’s no single objective reality?

Well, the causal graph, it turns out, collapses every possible reality into a single objective reality in a way that’s so unexpected that you’ll be left wondering: how did that just happen?

—

References:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fri, 08 Aug 2025 13:59:49 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 761 The multiway graph shows every possible evolution of the universe.

So, if we can compute every possible reality, does that mean that there’s no single objective reality?

Well, the causal graph, it turns out, collapses every possible reality into a single objective reality in a way that’s so unexpected that you’ll be left wondering: how did that just happen?

—

References:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Stephen Wolfram on AI, human-like minds & formal knowledge 72 72 Stephen Wolfram on AI, human-like minds & formal knowledge full 2a5d926f-37ac-41c2-bdc1-369021fc9536 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/072-stephen-wolfram-on-ai-human-like-minds-and-formal-knowledge In this fascinating exposition, Stephen Wolfram connects two of the most important breakthroughs of our time: AI and the ruliad.

I ask Stephen how he thinks about knowledge hypergraphs, which I’m exploring at Open Web Mind.

He offers several important insights.

Stephen draws a distinction between human-like minds and formal knowledge.

Human-like minds include both our own brains and Large Language Models. Such minds, Stephen suggests, are good at making broad but shallow connections.

Formal knowledge, on the other hand, is deep and precise. Stephen has spent a lifetime building computational towers of such knowledge.

He proposes that Large Language Models might serve as interfaces to formal knowledge. He warns, however, that much of this knowledge might be inaccessible to minds like ours.

To illustrate the difficulty, Stephen contrasts the 50,000 or so concepts to which we humans have assigned words, such as “cat” and “dog”, with the infinite variability an AI can generate, both within human concepts and in the interconcept space in between.

Tying this back to physics, Stephen Wolfram posits that the concepts of space, time, energy, etc. we have internalized occupy only a tiny part of the ruliad.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Related writings from Stephen

More on knowledge hypergraphs at Open Web Mind:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In this fascinating exposition, Stephen Wolfram connects two of the most important breakthroughs of our time: AI and the ruliad.

I ask Stephen how he thinks about knowledge hypergraphs, which I’m exploring at Open Web Mind.

He offers several important insights.

Stephen draws a distinction between human-like minds and formal knowledge.

Human-like minds include both our own brains and Large Language Models. Such minds, Stephen suggests, are good at making broad but shallow connections.

Formal knowledge, on the other hand, is deep and precise. Stephen has spent a lifetime building computational towers of such knowledge.

He proposes that Large Language Models might serve as interfaces to formal knowledge. He warns, however, that much of this knowledge might be inaccessible to minds like ours.

To illustrate the difficulty, Stephen contrasts the 50,000 or so concepts to which we humans have assigned words, such as “cat” and “dog”, with the infinite variability an AI can generate, both within human concepts and in the interconcept space in between.

Tying this back to physics, Stephen Wolfram posits that the concepts of space, time, energy, etc. we have internalized occupy only a tiny part of the ruliad.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Related writings from Stephen

More on knowledge hypergraphs at Open Web Mind:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 12 Jul 2025 11:45:07 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1092 In this fascinating exposition, Stephen Wolfram connects two of the most important breakthroughs of our time: AI and the ruliad.

I ask Stephen how he thinks about knowledge hypergraphs, which I’m exploring at Open Web Mind.

He offers several important insights.

Stephen draws a distinction between human-like minds and formal knowledge.

Human-like minds include both our own brains and Large Language Models. Such minds, Stephen suggests, are good at making broad but shallow connections.

Formal knowledge, on the other hand, is deep and precise. Stephen has spent a lifetime building computational towers of such knowledge.

He proposes that Large Language Models might serve as interfaces to formal knowledge. He warns, however, that much of this knowledge might be inaccessible to minds like ours.

To illustrate the difficulty, Stephen contrasts the 50,000 or so concepts to which we humans have assigned words, such as “cat” and “dog”, with the infinite variability an AI can generate, both within human concepts and in the interconcept space in between.

Tying this back to physics, Stephen Wolfram posits that the concepts of space, time, energy, etc. we have internalized occupy only a tiny part of the ruliad.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Related writings from Stephen

More on knowledge hypergraphs at Open Web Mind:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Multiway minds with Stephen Wolfram 71 71 Multiway minds with Stephen Wolfram full 7011f319-2d05-4688-8e3d-a2dc9e8ac360 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/071-multiway-minds Can you hold in your mind two different threads of experience?

In this five-minute excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he introduces the strange idea of a multiway mind.

Most of the time, we as observers succeed in weaving multiple different paths through the multiway graph into a single thread of experience.

In some circumstances, however, we’re unable to do this. If we’re unfortunate enough to find ourselves on the surface of a black hole – at the event horizon in physical space, at the entanglement horizon in branchial space – we might find ourselves frozen, unable to form a classical thought.

In just five minutes, Stephen not only introduces the possibility of multiple threads of experience in a single mind, he also succeeds in weaving in diverse topics from quantum computing to societal decision-making.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Can you hold in your mind two different threads of experience?

In this five-minute excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he introduces the strange idea of a multiway mind.

Most of the time, we as observers succeed in weaving multiple different paths through the multiway graph into a single thread of experience.

In some circumstances, however, we’re unable to do this. If we’re unfortunate enough to find ourselves on the surface of a black hole – at the event horizon in physical space, at the entanglement horizon in branchial space – we might find ourselves frozen, unable to form a classical thought.

In just five minutes, Stephen not only introduces the possibility of multiple threads of experience in a single mind, he also succeeds in weaving in diverse topics from quantum computing to societal decision-making.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 21 Jun 2025 10:18:10 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 343 Can you hold in your mind two different threads of experience?

In this five-minute excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he introduces the strange idea of a multiway mind.

Most of the time, we as observers succeed in weaving multiple different paths through the multiway graph into a single thread of experience.

In some circumstances, however, we’re unable to do this. If we’re unfortunate enough to find ourselves on the surface of a black hole – at the event horizon in physical space, at the entanglement horizon in branchial space – we might find ourselves frozen, unable to form a classical thought.

In just five minutes, Stephen not only introduces the possibility of multiple threads of experience in a single mind, he also succeeds in weaving in diverse topics from quantum computing to societal decision-making.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Do fields exist? 70 70 Do fields exist? full 852a3ee9-cbe9-4eeb-beab-073ec2a40fa2 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/070-do-fields-exist Fields don’t exist.

I mean, a field with grass in it, that kind of field does exist.

But a field in physics?

A gravitational field? An electric field? A magnetic field? A quantum field?

No such thing.

I’m not knocking the physicists who came up with these fields.

These fictions can be convenient.

But sometimes, these fictions can blind us to the underlying reality.

And that’s what’s happening right now in physics.

Our long-time love affair with fields is blinding us to the true nature of space and everything in it.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fields don’t exist.

I mean, a field with grass in it, that kind of field does exist.

But a field in physics?

A gravitational field? An electric field? A magnetic field? A quantum field?

No such thing.

I’m not knocking the physicists who came up with these fields.

These fictions can be convenient.

But sometimes, these fictions can blind us to the underlying reality.

And that’s what’s happening right now in physics.

Our long-time love affair with fields is blinding us to the true nature of space and everything in it.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 22 May 2025 11:08:30 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1063 Fields don’t exist.

I mean, a field with grass in it, that kind of field does exist.

But a field in physics?

A gravitational field? An electric field? A magnetic field? A quantum field?

No such thing.

I’m not knocking the physicists who came up with these fields.

These fictions can be convenient.

But sometimes, these fictions can blind us to the underlying reality.

And that’s what’s happening right now in physics.

Our long-time love affair with fields is blinding us to the true nature of space and everything in it.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Aggregation – how the Wolfram model weaves the future – with Stephen Wolfram 69 69 Aggregation – how the Wolfram model weaves the future – with Stephen Wolfram full b408e375-e630-4d0b-bae1-38093efacd21 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/069-aggregation-how-the-wolfram-model-weaves-the-future In the previous excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, I asked him how I can remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness in a branching universe.

In this excerpt, we went deeper into this question. As a conscious observer, I have a single thread of experience. So if the universe branches into many timelines, why don’t I branch into many versions of me?

Stephen’s answer touched on many profound aspects of the Wolfram model.

He started with the failure of the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics to consider the possibility that different branches of history can merge, in other words, come back together again. This failure is rooted in assumption that the universe is continuous; as soon as we start thinking of the universe as discrete, such merging seems not only possible, but inevitable.

He went on to consider the concept of causal invariance, the idea that it doesn’t matter which of countless similar paths you take through the multiway graph, you end up in the same place. In the Ruliad, he said, causal invariance is inevitable.

Then we got to the core of the concept of the observer. According to Stephen Wolfram, an observer equivalences many different states and experiences the aggregate of these states.

I did not expect Stephen’s next move, to apply the concept of aggregation not just to observers, but to the universe itself.

He made the profound proposal that in the Wolfram model of physics, in addition to the computation of the hypergraph through the application of rules, there’s a process of aggregation of possible paths through the multiway graph to weave the future.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In the previous excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, I asked him how I can remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness in a branching universe.

In this excerpt, we went deeper into this question. As a conscious observer, I have a single thread of experience. So if the universe branches into many timelines, why don’t I branch into many versions of me?

Stephen’s answer touched on many profound aspects of the Wolfram model.

He started with the failure of the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics to consider the possibility that different branches of history can merge, in other words, come back together again. This failure is rooted in assumption that the universe is continuous; as soon as we start thinking of the universe as discrete, such merging seems not only possible, but inevitable.

He went on to consider the concept of causal invariance, the idea that it doesn’t matter which of countless similar paths you take through the multiway graph, you end up in the same place. In the Ruliad, he said, causal invariance is inevitable.

Then we got to the core of the concept of the observer. According to Stephen Wolfram, an observer equivalences many different states and experiences the aggregate of these states.

I did not expect Stephen’s next move, to apply the concept of aggregation not just to observers, but to the universe itself.

He made the profound proposal that in the Wolfram model of physics, in addition to the computation of the hypergraph through the application of rules, there’s a process of aggregation of possible paths through the multiway graph to weave the future.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 27 Apr 2025 09:30:42 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 531 In the previous excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, I asked him how I can remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness in a branching universe.

In this excerpt, we went deeper into this question. As a conscious observer, I have a single thread of experience. So if the universe branches into many timelines, why don’t I branch into many versions of me?

Stephen’s answer touched on many profound aspects of the Wolfram model.

He started with the failure of the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics to consider the possibility that different branches of history can merge, in other words, come back together again. This failure is rooted in assumption that the universe is continuous; as soon as we start thinking of the universe as discrete, such merging seems not only possible, but inevitable.

He went on to consider the concept of causal invariance, the idea that it doesn’t matter which of countless similar paths you take through the multiway graph, you end up in the same place. In the Ruliad, he said, causal invariance is inevitable.

Then we got to the core of the concept of the observer. According to Stephen Wolfram, an observer equivalences many different states and experiences the aggregate of these states.

I did not expect Stephen’s next move, to apply the concept of aggregation not just to observers, but to the universe itself.

He made the profound proposal that in the Wolfram model of physics, in addition to the computation of the hypergraph through the application of rules, there’s a process of aggregation of possible paths through the multiway graph to weave the future.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No When the universe branches, what happens to me? with Stephen Wolfram 68 68 When the universe branches, what happens to me? with Stephen Wolfram full eacf5a56-57b7-4233-9064-d874e1bb1592 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/068-coherent-consciousness-in-a-branching-universe When the universe branches, we branch with it.

Those branches don’t remain forever apart. They come back together.

So we, as conscious observers, are rescued from splitting into an immense number ever-so-slightly different versions of ourselves.

When the branches of the universe – and the versions of ourselves – come back together, we don’t worry that the many paths we took to get there are ever-so-slightly different.

We equivalence all those different paths. We treat all those ever-so-slightly different branches of history as if they were more-or-less the same.

I asked Stephen Wolfram about this strangest of consequences of a branching universe.

Through all this splitting and coming-back-together, how can I remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness?

Stephen’s answer takes us through branchial space to quantum computing, the maximum entanglement speed and the elementary length.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> When the universe branches, we branch with it.

Those branches don’t remain forever apart. They come back together.

So we, as conscious observers, are rescued from splitting into an immense number ever-so-slightly different versions of ourselves.

When the branches of the universe – and the versions of ourselves – come back together, we don’t worry that the many paths we took to get there are ever-so-slightly different.

We equivalence all those different paths. We treat all those ever-so-slightly different branches of history as if they were more-or-less the same.

I asked Stephen Wolfram about this strangest of consequences of a branching universe.

Through all this splitting and coming-back-together, how can I remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness?

Stephen’s answer takes us through branchial space to quantum computing, the maximum entanglement speed and the elementary length.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 15 Mar 2025 10:33:06 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 752 When the universe branches, we branch with it.

Those branches don’t remain forever apart. They come back together.

So we, as conscious observers, are rescued from splitting into an immense number ever-so-slightly different versions of ourselves.

When the branches of the universe – and the versions of ourselves – come back together, we don’t worry that the many paths we took to get there are ever-so-slightly different.

We equivalence all those different paths. We treat all those ever-so-slightly different branches of history as if they were more-or-less the same.

I asked Stephen Wolfram about this strangest of consequences of a branching universe.

Through all this splitting and coming-back-together, how can I remain a single, coherent, persistent consciousness?

Stephen’s answer takes us through branchial space to quantum computing, the maximum entanglement speed and the elementary length.

—

Stephen Wolfram

Concepts mentioned by Stephen

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is the causal graph in Wolfram Physics? 67 67 What is the causal graph in Wolfram Physics? full eda54b64-f2b6-4cae-8828-ebb463efa4eb https://lasttheory.com/podcast/067-what-is-the-causal-graph-in-wolfram-physics The causal graph is at the core of Wolfram Physics.

It’s crucial to the derivations of Special Relativity, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.

And if that’s not enough to convince you that you need to know about the causal graph, how about this:

The causal graph is a reflection of the nature of causality, the nature of objectivity, the nature of reality itself.

—

Einstein’s train thought experiment

What is the multiway graph? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

What precisely is causal invariance? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

Causality ain’t what you think it is video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The causal graph is at the core of Wolfram Physics.

It’s crucial to the derivations of Special Relativity, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.

And if that’s not enough to convince you that you need to know about the causal graph, how about this:

The causal graph is a reflection of the nature of causality, the nature of objectivity, the nature of reality itself.

—

Einstein’s train thought experiment

What is the multiway graph? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

What precisely is causal invariance? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

Causality ain’t what you think it is video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 02 Mar 2025 10:17:35 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 938 The causal graph is at the core of Wolfram Physics.

It’s crucial to the derivations of Special Relativity, General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics.

And if that’s not enough to convince you that you need to know about the causal graph, how about this:

The causal graph is a reflection of the nature of causality, the nature of objectivity, the nature of reality itself.

—

Einstein’s train thought experiment

What is the multiway graph? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

What precisely is causal invariance? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

Causality ain’t what you think it is video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Is everything determined? with Stephen Wolfram 66 66 Is everything determined? with Stephen Wolfram full 934a5c85-f921-4002-b237-0c61aaeaaae7 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/066-is-everything-determined Is everything that’s ever going to happen in the universe already determined?

Or does something else – maybe randomness, maybe free will – play a role?

Stephen Wolfram’s answer to this question is straightforward: the ruliad is fully determined.

But there’s a twist. The ruliad is determined, but how we observe the evolution of the universe depends on where we are in the ruliad.

In a fascinating introduction to the role of the observer in the Wolfram model, Stephen touches on some of the deepest philosophical questions in physics, finishing on one of the deepest: is there an objective reality?

—

Stephen Wolfram

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Is everything that’s ever going to happen in the universe already determined?

Or does something else – maybe randomness, maybe free will – play a role?

Stephen Wolfram’s answer to this question is straightforward: the ruliad is fully determined.

But there’s a twist. The ruliad is determined, but how we observe the evolution of the universe depends on where we are in the ruliad.

In a fascinating introduction to the role of the observer in the Wolfram model, Stephen touches on some of the deepest philosophical questions in physics, finishing on one of the deepest: is there an objective reality?

—

Stephen Wolfram

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 13 Feb 2025 12:22:52 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 483 Is everything that’s ever going to happen in the universe already determined?

Or does something else – maybe randomness, maybe free will – play a role?

Stephen Wolfram’s answer to this question is straightforward: the ruliad is fully determined.

But there’s a twist. The ruliad is determined, but how we observe the evolution of the universe depends on where we are in the ruliad.

In a fascinating introduction to the role of the observer in the Wolfram model, Stephen touches on some of the deepest philosophical questions in physics, finishing on one of the deepest: is there an objective reality?

—

Stephen Wolfram

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why is space three-dimensional? with Stephen Wolfram 65 65 Why is space three-dimensional? with Stephen Wolfram full 8401c73d-8ddf-4dec-a596-d6a5cc486319 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/065-why-is-space-three-dimensional Hypergraphs can have any number of dimensions. They can be 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, 4.81-dimensional or, in the limit, ∞-dimensional.

So how does the three-dimensional space we observe emerge from the hypergraph-based Wolfram model?

Why is space three-dimensional?

Stephen Wolfram’s surprising answer to this questions goes deep into space, time, computation and, crucially, our nature as observers.

—

Stephen Wolfram

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Hypergraphs can have any number of dimensions. They can be 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, 4.81-dimensional or, in the limit, ∞-dimensional.

So how does the three-dimensional space we observe emerge from the hypergraph-based Wolfram model?

Why is space three-dimensional?

Stephen Wolfram’s surprising answer to this questions goes deep into space, time, computation and, crucially, our nature as observers.

—

Stephen Wolfram

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Wed, 15 Jan 2025 10:55:44 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1176 Hypergraphs can have any number of dimensions. They can be 2-dimensional, 3-dimensional, 4.81-dimensional or, in the limit, ∞-dimensional.

So how does the three-dimensional space we observe emerge from the hypergraph-based Wolfram model?

Why is space three-dimensional?

Stephen Wolfram’s surprising answer to this questions goes deep into space, time, computation and, crucially, our nature as observers.

—

Stephen Wolfram

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No The first wow for Stephen Wolfram 64 64 The first wow for Stephen Wolfram full a8794064-ac06-4d44-bbbe-26955f4b59fa https://lasttheory.com/podcast/064-the-first-wow Stephen Wolfram reveals that his first major wow along the path towards a fundamental theory of physics was his realization that General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are the same theory, played out in different kinds of space.

Many other dominos have fallen along the way, from the derivation of Einstein’s equations to applications of the ruliad beyond physics.

But the aspect of Wolfram Physics that Stephen Wolfram himself finds maybe the most compelling is this mirroring of the two pillars of twentieth century physics.

Perhaps General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics aren’t as incompatible as they’ve so long seemed.

In this first excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he tells the story of how he came to apply hypergraphs and hypergraph rewriting rules to the universe itself, and arrived at the first traces of a path towards what might be the last theory of physics.

—

Stephen Wolfram

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Stephen Wolfram reveals that his first major wow along the path towards a fundamental theory of physics was his realization that General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are the same theory, played out in different kinds of space.

Many other dominos have fallen along the way, from the derivation of Einstein’s equations to applications of the ruliad beyond physics.

But the aspect of Wolfram Physics that Stephen Wolfram himself finds maybe the most compelling is this mirroring of the two pillars of twentieth century physics.

Perhaps General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics aren’t as incompatible as they’ve so long seemed.

In this first excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he tells the story of how he came to apply hypergraphs and hypergraph rewriting rules to the universe itself, and arrived at the first traces of a path towards what might be the last theory of physics.

—

Stephen Wolfram

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 09 Jan 2025 11:45:15 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 532 Stephen Wolfram reveals that his first major wow along the path towards a fundamental theory of physics was his realization that General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are the same theory, played out in different kinds of space.

Many other dominos have fallen along the way, from the derivation of Einstein’s equations to applications of the ruliad beyond physics.

But the aspect of Wolfram Physics that Stephen Wolfram himself finds maybe the most compelling is this mirroring of the two pillars of twentieth century physics.

Perhaps General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics aren’t as incompatible as they’ve so long seemed.

In this first excerpt from my conversation with Stephen Wolfram, he tells the story of how he came to apply hypergraphs and hypergraph rewriting rules to the universe itself, and arrived at the first traces of a path towards what might be the last theory of physics.

—

Stephen Wolfram

People mentioned by Stephen

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No 5 reasons to take Wolfram Physics seriously 63 63 5 reasons to take Wolfram Physics seriously full 9fdf7bde-82bc-469d-87e1-aecf62d1bac6 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/063-5-reasons-to-take-wolfram-physics-seriously It feels like everyone has their pet Theory of Everything these days.

So why should you take my preferred Theory of Everything seriously?

Well, give me 5 minutes, and I’ll give you 5 reasons why I find Wolfram Physics more compelling than anything else that’s happened in physics in my lifetime...

...and maybe you’ll want to take it seriously too.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> It feels like everyone has their pet Theory of Everything these days.

So why should you take my preferred Theory of Everything seriously?

Well, give me 5 minutes, and I’ll give you 5 reasons why I find Wolfram Physics more compelling than anything else that’s happened in physics in my lifetime...

...and maybe you’ll want to take it seriously too.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Mon, 23 Dec 2024 10:19:26 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 397 It feels like everyone has their pet Theory of Everything these days.

So why should you take my preferred Theory of Everything seriously?

Well, give me 5 minutes, and I’ll give you 5 reasons why I find Wolfram Physics more compelling than anything else that’s happened in physics in my lifetime...

...and maybe you’ll want to take it seriously too.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why does the universe exist? 62 62 Why does the universe exist? full eee70ec9-00fe-4c23-b0e8-6cd8bdf0e873 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/062-why-does-the-universe-exist Here’s a question.

Why does the universe exist?

Why is there something rather than nothing?

One of Stephen Wolfram’s boldest claims is that he has the answer.

Let me know whether you’re convinced by his argument!

—

Ideas:

People:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Here’s a question.

Why does the universe exist?

Why is there something rather than nothing?

One of Stephen Wolfram’s boldest claims is that he has the answer.

Let me know whether you’re convinced by his argument!

—

Ideas:

People:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Wed, 30 Oct 2024 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1018 Here’s a question.

Why does the universe exist?

Why is there something rather than nothing?

One of Stephen Wolfram’s boldest claims is that he has the answer.

Let me know whether you’re convinced by his argument!

—

Ideas:

People:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Causality ain't what you think it is 61 61 Causality ain't what you think it is full b9ae860b-f65a-4cd1-b1bb-296b10dbb43d https://lasttheory.com/podcast/061-causality-is-not-what-you-think-it-is Do you know what causality is?

If you do, let me know, because I’m not sure.

I’ve never come across a conception of causality that makes sense to me.

After all, our universe seems to follow simple equations like Einstein’s equations, and there’s no mention of causality in these equations.

It makes me think that there’s no such thing as causality.

Unless...

Well, here’s the thing.

I’m no longer sure that our universe does follow these continuous equations.

I’m beginning to think that at the smallest scale, our universe might evolve through discrete computations.

If that turns out to be true, it allows for a limited conception of causalityafter all.

It’s causality, Jim, but not as we know it.

—

References:


—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Do you know what causality is?

If you do, let me know, because I’m not sure.

I’ve never come across a conception of causality that makes sense to me.

After all, our universe seems to follow simple equations like Einstein’s equations, and there’s no mention of causality in these equations.

It makes me think that there’s no such thing as causality.

Unless...

Well, here’s the thing.

I’m no longer sure that our universe does follow these continuous equations.

I’m beginning to think that at the smallest scale, our universe might evolve through discrete computations.

If that turns out to be true, it allows for a limited conception of causalityafter all.

It’s causality, Jim, but not as we know it.

—

References:


—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 15 Sep 2024 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1101 Do you know what causality is?

If you do, let me know, because I’m not sure.

I’ve never come across a conception of causality that makes sense to me.

After all, our universe seems to follow simple equations like Einstein’s equations, and there’s no mention of causality in these equations.

It makes me think that there’s no such thing as causality.

Unless...

Well, here’s the thing.

I’m no longer sure that our universe does follow these continuous equations.

I’m beginning to think that at the smallest scale, our universe might evolve through discrete computations.

If that turns out to be true, it allows for a limited conception of causalityafter all.

It’s causality, Jim, but not as we know it.

—

References:


—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What precisely is causal invariance? 60 60 What precisely is causal invariance? full cb6bbbbb-cf61-4ea7-b263-d4b14ab02617 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/060-what-precisely-is-causal-invariance Causal invariance is a crucial concept in Wolfram Physics.

It’s how we get special relativity from the Wolfram model.

It’s how we get quantum mechanics from the Wolfram model.

So what precisely is causal invariance?

This question will take us deep into the multiway graph, to an even deeper question: what is causality?

—

What is the multiway graph? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Causal invariance is a crucial concept in Wolfram Physics.

It’s how we get special relativity from the Wolfram model.

It’s how we get quantum mechanics from the Wolfram model.

So what precisely is causal invariance?

This question will take us deep into the multiway graph, to an even deeper question: what is causality?

—

What is the multiway graph? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 28 Jul 2024 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 910 Causal invariance is a crucial concept in Wolfram Physics.

It’s how we get special relativity from the Wolfram model.

It’s how we get quantum mechanics from the Wolfram model.

So what precisely is causal invariance?

This question will take us deep into the multiway graph, to an even deeper question: what is causality?

—

What is the multiway graph? video ⋅ podcast ⋅ article

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Jonathan Gorard: the complete first interview 59 59 Jonathan Gorard: the complete first interview full c53c5ce6-8657-4344-86a1-156d9fef57ce https://lasttheory.com/podcast/059-jonathan-gorard-the-complete-first-interview I’ve heard from many of you that you’d like the whole of my conversation with Jonathan Gorard in a single podcast.

So here it is, the complete first interview.

These three hours are a brilliant exposition of Wolfram Physics from a figure whose contributions to the project are second to none.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Jonathan’s seminal papers

Stephen Wolfram’s writings

A complete list of links to the research, concepts and people mentioned by Jonathan is here

Images

For images from the Los Alamos National Laboratory: Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Triad National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor Triad makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> I’ve heard from many of you that you’d like the whole of my conversation with Jonathan Gorard in a single podcast.

So here it is, the complete first interview.

These three hours are a brilliant exposition of Wolfram Physics from a figure whose contributions to the project are second to none.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Jonathan’s seminal papers

Stephen Wolfram’s writings

A complete list of links to the research, concepts and people mentioned by Jonathan is here

Images

For images from the Los Alamos National Laboratory: Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Triad National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor Triad makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 01 Jun 2024 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 10139 I’ve heard from many of you that you’d like the whole of my conversation with Jonathan Gorard in a single podcast.

So here it is, the complete first interview.

These three hours are a brilliant exposition of Wolfram Physics from a figure whose contributions to the project are second to none.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Jonathan’s seminal papers

Stephen Wolfram’s writings

A complete list of links to the research, concepts and people mentioned by Jonathan is here

Images

For images from the Los Alamos National Laboratory: Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Triad National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor Triad makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No In defence of Stephen Wolfram 58 58 In defence of Stephen Wolfram full 04587f77-a0b9-4a86-9de5-78c2dad8cb20 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/058-in-defence-of-stephen-wolfram You like Stephen Wolfram, right?

I mean, if he’s to be believed, he has reinvented physics, not to mention philosophy.

How could you not like such a thinker?

Well... it turns out that there are plenty of people who don’t like Stephen Wolfram... or his physics... or his philosophy.

Here are four criticisms of Stephen Wolfram I regularly hear...

...and here’s why these criticisms, though they hint at uncomfortable truths, nonetheless miss the mark.

—

Stephen Wolfram:

Stephen Wolfram’s claims:

Some of the things Stephen Wolfram created:

Other people involved in the Wolfram Physics Project:

Other people mentioned in this episode:

Brilliant people of the past:

Other episodes of The Last Theory mentioned:

Reference:

Images:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> You like Stephen Wolfram, right?

I mean, if he’s to be believed, he has reinvented physics, not to mention philosophy.

How could you not like such a thinker?

Well... it turns out that there are plenty of people who don’t like Stephen Wolfram... or his physics... or his philosophy.

Here are four criticisms of Stephen Wolfram I regularly hear...

...and here’s why these criticisms, though they hint at uncomfortable truths, nonetheless miss the mark.

—

Stephen Wolfram:

Stephen Wolfram’s claims:

Some of the things Stephen Wolfram created:

Other people involved in the Wolfram Physics Project:

Other people mentioned in this episode:

Brilliant people of the past:

Other episodes of The Last Theory mentioned:

Reference:

Images:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Tue, 09 Apr 2024 13:15:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1004 You like Stephen Wolfram, right?

I mean, if he’s to be believed, he has reinvented physics, not to mention philosophy.

How could you not like such a thinker?

Well... it turns out that there are plenty of people who don’t like Stephen Wolfram... or his physics... or his philosophy.

Here are four criticisms of Stephen Wolfram I regularly hear...

...and here’s why these criticisms, though they hint at uncomfortable truths, nonetheless miss the mark.

—

Stephen Wolfram:

Stephen Wolfram’s claims:

Some of the things Stephen Wolfram created:

Other people involved in the Wolfram Physics Project:

Other people mentioned in this episode:

Brilliant people of the past:

Other episodes of The Last Theory mentioned:

Reference:

Images:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Beyond physics: applying the Wolfram model in biology, chemistry, mathematics with Jonathan Gorard 57 57 Beyond physics: applying the Wolfram model in biology, chemistry, mathematics with Jonathan Gorard full 01efc920-9b0c-4e27-b752-9f17c934d232 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/057-beyond-physics In this final excerpt from our conversation in October 2022, Jonathan Gorard explains how ideas from Wolfram Physics can be applied in fields beyond physics, including biology, chemistry and mathematics.

He describes the concept of compositionality, and digs deeper into why the hypergraph is able to model so much of our universe.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan:

People mentioned by Jonathan:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In this final excerpt from our conversation in October 2022, Jonathan Gorard explains how ideas from Wolfram Physics can be applied in fields beyond physics, including biology, chemistry and mathematics.

He describes the concept of compositionality, and digs deeper into why the hypergraph is able to model so much of our universe.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan:

People mentioned by Jonathan:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 09 Mar 2024 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 810 In this final excerpt from our conversation in October 2022, Jonathan Gorard explains how ideas from Wolfram Physics can be applied in fields beyond physics, including biology, chemistry and mathematics.

He describes the concept of compositionality, and digs deeper into why the hypergraph is able to model so much of our universe.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan:

People mentioned by Jonathan:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Who is Stephen Wolfram? 56 56 Who is Stephen Wolfram? full eeb23c1a-a79f-4b5f-83cc-d31a2e83f618 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/056-who-is-stephen-wolfram You know who Stephen Wolfram is, right?

Whether you love him or, you know, don’t love him, there’s no denying that Stephen Wolfram has founded a host of fascinating projects... most of them named Wolfram-something-or-other.

What are all these Wolfram-branded projects?

Who is Stephen Wolfram?

—

Some of the things Stephen Wolfram created:

not to mention:

More about Stephen Wolfram:

Stephen Wolfram’s education:

Some of Stephen Wolfram’s special subjects:

Some of Stephen Wolfram’s books:

Other people involved in the Wolfram Physics Project:

Reference:

Image:

Some of my own projects:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> You know who Stephen Wolfram is, right?

Whether you love him or, you know, don’t love him, there’s no denying that Stephen Wolfram has founded a host of fascinating projects... most of them named Wolfram-something-or-other.

What are all these Wolfram-branded projects?

Who is Stephen Wolfram?

—

Some of the things Stephen Wolfram created:

not to mention:

More about Stephen Wolfram:

Stephen Wolfram’s education:

Some of Stephen Wolfram’s special subjects:

Some of Stephen Wolfram’s books:

Other people involved in the Wolfram Physics Project:

Reference:

Image:

Some of my own projects:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 11 Feb 2024 13:44:47 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 576 You know who Stephen Wolfram is, right?

Whether you love him or, you know, don’t love him, there’s no denying that Stephen Wolfram has founded a host of fascinating projects... most of them named Wolfram-something-or-other.

What are all these Wolfram-branded projects?

Who is Stephen Wolfram?

—

Some of the things Stephen Wolfram created:

not to mention:

More about Stephen Wolfram:

Stephen Wolfram’s education:

Some of Stephen Wolfram’s special subjects:

Some of Stephen Wolfram’s books:

Other people involved in the Wolfram Physics Project:

Reference:

Image:

Some of my own projects:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Where's the evidence for Wolfram Physics? with Jonathan Gorard 55 55 Where's the evidence for Wolfram Physics? with Jonathan Gorard full 7208f3bb-ddd0-4abb-9bfa-6278298789d2 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/055-where-is-the-evidence-for-wolfram-physics I asked Jonathan Gorard the question I’m asked the most: can the Wolfram model make testable predictions about reality, predictions that differ from those of general relativity and quantum mechanics, predictions that might prove that Wolfram Physics is right?

Jonathan showed how the Wolfram model might shed light on some of the most mysterious phenomena of our universe, from black hole inspirals to quantum entanglement.

He focused on four areas where the class of theories encompassed by the Wolfram model might predict observable phenomena:

1. Cosmological consequences of global dimension change

2. Astrophysical consequences of local dimension change

3. Discretization effects during extreme astrophysical events

4. Quantum mechanical effects such as maximum entanglement speed

These dozen minutes of my conversation with Jonathan were dense with insights into Wolfram Physics, a true pleasure to revisit!

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

People mentioned by Jonathan:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> I asked Jonathan Gorard the question I’m asked the most: can the Wolfram model make testable predictions about reality, predictions that differ from those of general relativity and quantum mechanics, predictions that might prove that Wolfram Physics is right?

Jonathan showed how the Wolfram model might shed light on some of the most mysterious phenomena of our universe, from black hole inspirals to quantum entanglement.

He focused on four areas where the class of theories encompassed by the Wolfram model might predict observable phenomena:

1. Cosmological consequences of global dimension change

2. Astrophysical consequences of local dimension change

3. Discretization effects during extreme astrophysical events

4. Quantum mechanical effects such as maximum entanglement speed

These dozen minutes of my conversation with Jonathan were dense with insights into Wolfram Physics, a true pleasure to revisit!

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

People mentioned by Jonathan:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fri, 19 Jan 2024 13:30:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 872 I asked Jonathan Gorard the question I’m asked the most: can the Wolfram model make testable predictions about reality, predictions that differ from those of general relativity and quantum mechanics, predictions that might prove that Wolfram Physics is right?

Jonathan showed how the Wolfram model might shed light on some of the most mysterious phenomena of our universe, from black hole inspirals to quantum entanglement.

He focused on four areas where the class of theories encompassed by the Wolfram model might predict observable phenomena:

1. Cosmological consequences of global dimension change

2. Astrophysical consequences of local dimension change

3. Discretization effects during extreme astrophysical events

4. Quantum mechanical effects such as maximum entanglement speed

These dozen minutes of my conversation with Jonathan were dense with insights into Wolfram Physics, a true pleasure to revisit!

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

People mentioned by Jonathan:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No The knowledge hypergraph 54 54 The knowledge hypergraph full ddb1bc23-9f74-4ae4-af34-9aabfca6df7e https://lasttheory.com/podcast/054-the-knowledge-hypergraph The Open Web Mind is a protocol for shared human intelligence, based on the knowledge hypergraph.

Take a look at this quick introduction for subscribers to The Last Theory, then jump to the 2-minute trailer on the new channel.

And if you haven’t done so already, make sure to subscribe to the new Open Web Mind channel, podcast and newsletter.

If you’re interested in Wolfram Physics, I think you’ll find Open Web Mind fascinating!

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The Open Web Mind is a protocol for shared human intelligence, based on the knowledge hypergraph.

Take a look at this quick introduction for subscribers to The Last Theory, then jump to the 2-minute trailer on the new channel.

And if you haven’t done so already, make sure to subscribe to the new Open Web Mind channel, podcast and newsletter.

If you’re interested in Wolfram Physics, I think you’ll find Open Web Mind fascinating!

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 11 Jan 2024 11:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 63 The Open Web Mind is a protocol for shared human intelligence, based on the knowledge hypergraph.

Take a look at this quick introduction for subscribers to The Last Theory, then jump to the 2-minute trailer on the new channel.

And if you haven’t done so already, make sure to subscribe to the new Open Web Mind channel, podcast and newsletter.

If you’re interested in Wolfram Physics, I think you’ll find Open Web Mind fascinating!

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery founder of Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Are electrons too big to simulate? with Jonathan Gorard 53 53 Are electrons too big to simulate? with Jonathan Gorard full 77723486-c777-4e20-a755-875d7a0d2558 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/053-are-electrons-too-big-to-simulate How big are electrons compared to the hypergraph?

Is one electron formed of 10 nodes, or 10100 nodes?

And if it’s 10100 nodes, might it prove impossible to simulate an electron on any computer we can possibly imagine?

When I asked Jonathan Gorard this question, he took us on a tour of the scales of the universe, from the Planck scale to the Hubble scale.

He revealed how the Wolfram Physics Project’s early estimate of the scale of the hypergraph was based on a tower of rickety assumptions.

And he explained how the Wolfram model might connect with particle physics regardless of the disparities of scale.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> How big are electrons compared to the hypergraph?

Is one electron formed of 10 nodes, or 10100 nodes?

And if it’s 10100 nodes, might it prove impossible to simulate an electron on any computer we can possibly imagine?

When I asked Jonathan Gorard this question, he took us on a tour of the scales of the universe, from the Planck scale to the Hubble scale.

He revealed how the Wolfram Physics Project’s early estimate of the scale of the hypergraph was based on a tower of rickety assumptions.

And he explained how the Wolfram model might connect with particle physics regardless of the disparities of scale.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 17 Dec 2023 11:00:01 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 356 How big are electrons compared to the hypergraph?

Is one electron formed of 10 nodes, or 10100 nodes?

And if it’s 10100 nodes, might it prove impossible to simulate an electron on any computer we can possibly imagine?

When I asked Jonathan Gorard this question, he took us on a tour of the scales of the universe, from the Planck scale to the Hubble scale.

He revealed how the Wolfram Physics Project’s early estimate of the scale of the hypergraph was based on a tower of rickety assumptions.

And he explained how the Wolfram model might connect with particle physics regardless of the disparities of scale.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to measure the curvature of space 52 52 How to measure the curvature of space full 5c022cff-fdff-416e-8b5f-cb49b9f10148 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/052-how-to-measure-the-curvature-of-space What if you’re inside a universe, and you want to measure the curvature of space?

It’s important because getting a measure of the curvature of the hypergraph takes us one step further in Jonathan Gorard’s derivation of General Relativity from Wolfram Physics.

Einstein’s equations relate the curvature of space to the presence of matter. So if we’re going to prove that Einstein’s equations follow from the Wolfram model, we’re going to need that measure of the curvature of the hypergraph.

Once again, a two-dimensional crab comes to the rescue, given us a way to measure the curvature of a universe from inside that universe.

—

See Stephen Wolfram’s announcement, under Curvature in Space & Einstein’s Equations, also included as the introduction to his book A project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics, page 20, for more on measuring the curvature of space

Concepts:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> What if you’re inside a universe, and you want to measure the curvature of space?

It’s important because getting a measure of the curvature of the hypergraph takes us one step further in Jonathan Gorard’s derivation of General Relativity from Wolfram Physics.

Einstein’s equations relate the curvature of space to the presence of matter. So if we’re going to prove that Einstein’s equations follow from the Wolfram model, we’re going to need that measure of the curvature of the hypergraph.

Once again, a two-dimensional crab comes to the rescue, given us a way to measure the curvature of a universe from inside that universe.

—

See Stephen Wolfram’s announcement, under Curvature in Space & Einstein’s Equations, also included as the introduction to his book A project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics, page 20, for more on measuring the curvature of space

Concepts:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 07 Dec 2023 11:30:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 956 What if you’re inside a universe, and you want to measure the curvature of space?

It’s important because getting a measure of the curvature of the hypergraph takes us one step further in Jonathan Gorard’s derivation of General Relativity from Wolfram Physics.

Einstein’s equations relate the curvature of space to the presence of matter. So if we’re going to prove that Einstein’s equations follow from the Wolfram model, we’re going to need that measure of the curvature of the hypergraph.

Once again, a two-dimensional crab comes to the rescue, given us a way to measure the curvature of a universe from inside that universe.

—

See Stephen Wolfram’s announcement, under Curvature in Space & Einstein’s Equations, also included as the introduction to his book A project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics, page 20, for more on measuring the curvature of space

Concepts:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No A toy model of particles with Jonathan Gorard 51 51 A toy model of particles with Jonathan Gorard full d8717e95-a145-4b72-98fd-b5dc1a18e214 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/051-a-toy-model-of-particles In this excerpt from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard, he proposes that particles in Wolfram Physics might be persistent topological obstructions in the hypergraph.

He starts with a toy model in which elementary particles are non-planar tangles moving and interacting in an otherwise planar hypergraph.

But he doesn’t stop there.

He explains that there’s an infinite variety of hypergraphs that give rise to such persistent topological obstructions.

These localized tangles behave in ways that look a lot like particle physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

Image:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In this excerpt from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard, he proposes that particles in Wolfram Physics might be persistent topological obstructions in the hypergraph.

He starts with a toy model in which elementary particles are non-planar tangles moving and interacting in an otherwise planar hypergraph.

But he doesn’t stop there.

He explains that there’s an infinite variety of hypergraphs that give rise to such persistent topological obstructions.

These localized tangles behave in ways that look a lot like particle physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

Image:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 16 Nov 2023 10:40:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 481 In this excerpt from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard, he proposes that particles in Wolfram Physics might be persistent topological obstructions in the hypergraph.

He starts with a toy model in which elementary particles are non-planar tangles moving and interacting in an otherwise planar hypergraph.

But he doesn’t stop there.

He explains that there’s an infinite variety of hypergraphs that give rise to such persistent topological obstructions.

These localized tangles behave in ways that look a lot like particle physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

Image:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to tell if space is curved 50 50 How to tell if space is curved full e9903fc4-e96b-4b05-b650-addfe979aa06 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/050-how-to-tell-if-space-is-curved What if you’re inside a universe, and you want to know whether space is curved?

The reason I’m asking is that according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, our universe is curved, by the presence of matter.

If Wolfram Physics is to be a true model of our universe, then the space represented by the hypergraph must also be curved by the presence of matter.

Which means that determining whether space is curved is crucial to Jonathan Gorard’s derivation of Einstein’s equations from the Wolfram model.

Fortunately, there’s a way to find out that’s so simple that even a crab or a space frog could do it.

Here’s how to tell if your universe curved.

—

Dimensionality:

Space-time:

Euclidean geometry:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> What if you’re inside a universe, and you want to know whether space is curved?

The reason I’m asking is that according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, our universe is curved, by the presence of matter.

If Wolfram Physics is to be a true model of our universe, then the space represented by the hypergraph must also be curved by the presence of matter.

Which means that determining whether space is curved is crucial to Jonathan Gorard’s derivation of Einstein’s equations from the Wolfram model.

Fortunately, there’s a way to find out that’s so simple that even a crab or a space frog could do it.

Here’s how to tell if your universe curved.

—

Dimensionality:

Space-time:

Euclidean geometry:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 02 Nov 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 698 What if you’re inside a universe, and you want to know whether space is curved?

The reason I’m asking is that according to Einstein’s general theory of relativity, our universe is curved, by the presence of matter.

If Wolfram Physics is to be a true model of our universe, then the space represented by the hypergraph must also be curved by the presence of matter.

Which means that determining whether space is curved is crucial to Jonathan Gorard’s derivation of Einstein’s equations from the Wolfram model.

Fortunately, there’s a way to find out that’s so simple that even a crab or a space frog could do it.

Here’s how to tell if your universe curved.

—

Dimensionality:

Space-time:

Euclidean geometry:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How special is general relativity? with Jonathan Gorard 49 49 How special is general relativity? with Jonathan Gorard full 75af7c58-e5cc-4175-8308-47de989b53fc https://lasttheory.com/podcast/049-how-special-is-general-relativity I asked Jonathan Gorard what it felt like when he realized that general relativity can be derived from the hypergraph.

His answer took us in an unexpected direction.

If the Wolfram model is to be an accurate model of our universe, then it must give us the Einstein equations.

But what if any old model with any old rules can give us the Einstein equations?

What if general relativity isn’t so special?

This is one of the shorter excerpts from my conversation with Jonathan, but it’s a fascinating one.

It takes us to one of the most powerful aspects of the Wolfram model: its ability to answer questions about why our universe is the way it is, questions that were once in the realm of philosophy but may now be within the scope of physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> I asked Jonathan Gorard what it felt like when he realized that general relativity can be derived from the hypergraph.

His answer took us in an unexpected direction.

If the Wolfram model is to be an accurate model of our universe, then it must give us the Einstein equations.

But what if any old model with any old rules can give us the Einstein equations?

What if general relativity isn’t so special?

This is one of the shorter excerpts from my conversation with Jonathan, but it’s a fascinating one.

It takes us to one of the most powerful aspects of the Wolfram model: its ability to answer questions about why our universe is the way it is, questions that were once in the realm of philosophy but may now be within the scope of physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 19 Oct 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 376 I asked Jonathan Gorard what it felt like when he realized that general relativity can be derived from the hypergraph.

His answer took us in an unexpected direction.

If the Wolfram model is to be an accurate model of our universe, then it must give us the Einstein equations.

But what if any old model with any old rules can give us the Einstein equations?

What if general relativity isn’t so special?

This is one of the shorter excerpts from my conversation with Jonathan, but it’s a fascinating one.

It takes us to one of the most powerful aspects of the Wolfram model: its ability to answer questions about why our universe is the way it is, questions that were once in the realm of philosophy but may now be within the scope of physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why scientific theories need not make predictions 48 48 Why scientific theories need not make predictions full e58be5fb-b948-459d-8b84-94a38f95e390 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/048-why-scientific-theories-need-not-make-predictions In my exploration of Wolfram Physics, I’ve come across one objection more than any other.

Over and over again, people have told me that the Wolfram model must be rejected because it makes no predictions.

I could respond by saying that Wolfram Physics does make predictions. It predicts Einstein’s equations. It predicts Schrödinger’s equation.

But it’s true that it doesn’t make any predictions that differ from those of general relativity and quantum mechanics. At least, not yet.

So here’s my more robust response to the objection: all scientific theories make no predictions when they’re first formulated.

If we dismiss any new theory solely because it doesn’t make any predictions, then we’d dismiss all new theories.

It’s time for academics to learn the lessons of the history of science, and open their minds to bold, new ideas, like Wolfram Physics.

—

Ideas:

Ancient astronomies:

Images:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In my exploration of Wolfram Physics, I’ve come across one objection more than any other.

Over and over again, people have told me that the Wolfram model must be rejected because it makes no predictions.

I could respond by saying that Wolfram Physics does make predictions. It predicts Einstein’s equations. It predicts Schrödinger’s equation.

But it’s true that it doesn’t make any predictions that differ from those of general relativity and quantum mechanics. At least, not yet.

So here’s my more robust response to the objection: all scientific theories make no predictions when they’re first formulated.

If we dismiss any new theory solely because it doesn’t make any predictions, then we’d dismiss all new theories.

It’s time for academics to learn the lessons of the history of science, and open their minds to bold, new ideas, like Wolfram Physics.

—

Ideas:

Ancient astronomies:

Images:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 07 Oct 2023 10:45:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 788 In my exploration of Wolfram Physics, I’ve come across one objection more than any other.

Over and over again, people have told me that the Wolfram model must be rejected because it makes no predictions.

I could respond by saying that Wolfram Physics does make predictions. It predicts Einstein’s equations. It predicts Schrödinger’s equation.

But it’s true that it doesn’t make any predictions that differ from those of general relativity and quantum mechanics. At least, not yet.

So here’s my more robust response to the objection: all scientific theories make no predictions when they’re first formulated.

If we dismiss any new theory solely because it doesn’t make any predictions, then we’d dismiss all new theories.

It’s time for academics to learn the lessons of the history of science, and open their minds to bold, new ideas, like Wolfram Physics.

—

Ideas:

Ancient astronomies:

Images:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to derive general relativity from Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard 47 47 How to derive general relativity from Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard full e6374418-41a9-4a54-aaef-8d29d45516b2 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/047-how-to-derive-general-relativity Here’s a masterclass from Jonathan Gorard.

One of the most compelling results to come out of the Wolfram Physics is Jonathan’s derivation of the Einstein equations from the hypergraph.

Whenever I hear anyone criticize the Wolfram model for bearing no relation to reality, I tell them this: Jonathan Gorard has proved that general relativity can be derived from the hypergraph.

In this excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan describes how making just three reasonable assumptions – causal invariance, asymptotic dimension preservation and weak ergodicity – allowed him to derive the vacuum Einstein equations from the Wolfram model.

In other words, the structure of space-time in the absence of matter more or less falls out of the hypergraph.

And making one further assumption – that particles can be treated as localized topological obstructions – allowed Jonathan to derive the non-vacuum Einstein equations from the Wolfram model.

In other words, the structure of space-time in the presence of matter, too, falls out of the hypergraph.

It’s difficult to overstate the importance of this result.

At the very least, we can say that the Wolfram model is consistent with general relativity.

To state it more strongly: we no longer need to take general relativity as a given; instead, we can derive it from Wolfram Physics.

—


Jonathan’s seminal paper on how to derive general relativity

Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Research mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

From A Project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics by Stephen Wolfram:

Images

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Here’s a masterclass from Jonathan Gorard.

One of the most compelling results to come out of the Wolfram Physics is Jonathan’s derivation of the Einstein equations from the hypergraph.

Whenever I hear anyone criticize the Wolfram model for bearing no relation to reality, I tell them this: Jonathan Gorard has proved that general relativity can be derived from the hypergraph.

In this excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan describes how making just three reasonable assumptions – causal invariance, asymptotic dimension preservation and weak ergodicity – allowed him to derive the vacuum Einstein equations from the Wolfram model.

In other words, the structure of space-time in the absence of matter more or less falls out of the hypergraph.

And making one further assumption – that particles can be treated as localized topological obstructions – allowed Jonathan to derive the non-vacuum Einstein equations from the Wolfram model.

In other words, the structure of space-time in the presence of matter, too, falls out of the hypergraph.

It’s difficult to overstate the importance of this result.

At the very least, we can say that the Wolfram model is consistent with general relativity.

To state it more strongly: we no longer need to take general relativity as a given; instead, we can derive it from Wolfram Physics.

—


Jonathan’s seminal paper on how to derive general relativity

Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Research mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

From A Project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics by Stephen Wolfram:

Images

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 21 Sep 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 818 Here’s a masterclass from Jonathan Gorard.

One of the most compelling results to come out of the Wolfram Physics is Jonathan’s derivation of the Einstein equations from the hypergraph.

Whenever I hear anyone criticize the Wolfram model for bearing no relation to reality, I tell them this: Jonathan Gorard has proved that general relativity can be derived from the hypergraph.

In this excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan describes how making just three reasonable assumptions – causal invariance, asymptotic dimension preservation and weak ergodicity – allowed him to derive the vacuum Einstein equations from the Wolfram model.

In other words, the structure of space-time in the absence of matter more or less falls out of the hypergraph.

And making one further assumption – that particles can be treated as localized topological obstructions – allowed Jonathan to derive the non-vacuum Einstein equations from the Wolfram model.

In other words, the structure of space-time in the presence of matter, too, falls out of the hypergraph.

It’s difficult to overstate the importance of this result.

At the very least, we can say that the Wolfram model is consistent with general relativity.

To state it more strongly: we no longer need to take general relativity as a given; instead, we can derive it from Wolfram Physics.

—


Jonathan’s seminal paper on how to derive general relativity

Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Research mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

From A Project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics by Stephen Wolfram:

Images

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to derive quantum mechanics from Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard 46 46 How to derive quantum mechanics from Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard full d4b916b7-1b83-48cd-9d45-565cbcb1580a https://lasttheory.com/podcast/046-how-to-derive-quantum-mechanics Here’s the first of two crucial excerpts from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard.

The core idea of Wolfram Physics is that we can model the universe as a hypergraph. If we want this idea to be taken seriously, we’re going to have to derive physics from the hypergraph.

The twin pillars of physics, as we know it, are quantum mechanics and general relativity.

In this episode, Jonathan explains how quantum mechanics can be derived from the Wolfram model, indeed, how quantum mechanics unexpectedly fell out of the model.

It’s a fascinating story.

We start with the role of the observer. According to Jonathan, it turns out not to be necessary to narrow our focus to only causally invariant rules.

Why not? Because macroscopic observers like ourselves impose causal invariance through our coarse-graining of the hypergraph. In other words, by squinting at the universe, seeing only its large-scale features and glossing over the finer details, we reduce multiple paths through the multiway graph to a single timeline, and, in the process, impose causal invariance.

Jonathan goes on to explain that this coarse-graining can be modelled with completion rules. These are fake rules, similar to the true rules of Wolfram Physics, but posited solely to model the coarse-graining of the hypergraph by the observer.

And here’s the thing. According to Jonathan, these completion rules are formally equivalent to the collapse of the wavefunction in quantum mechanics. In other words, we finally have an explanation for how the observer causes the collapse of the wavefunction, reducing Schrödinger’s half live, half dead cat to one that’s either dead or alive.

If Jonathan’s right, then this is a true breakthrough, not just in quantum mechanics, but in the philosophy of physics.

In the next episode, we’ll move on to the other pillar of physics: Jonathan will explain how to derive general relativity from the hypergraph.

There’s much more to explain about each of these derivations, but we’re finally getting to the crux of Wolfram Physics, the question of whether it can, after all, model our universe.

—


Jonathan’s seminal paper on how to derive quantum mechanics

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

Stephen Wolfram’s books

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Here’s the first of two crucial excerpts from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard.

The core idea of Wolfram Physics is that we can model the universe as a hypergraph. If we want this idea to be taken seriously, we’re going to have to derive physics from the hypergraph.

The twin pillars of physics, as we know it, are quantum mechanics and general relativity.

In this episode, Jonathan explains how quantum mechanics can be derived from the Wolfram model, indeed, how quantum mechanics unexpectedly fell out of the model.

It’s a fascinating story.

We start with the role of the observer. According to Jonathan, it turns out not to be necessary to narrow our focus to only causally invariant rules.

Why not? Because macroscopic observers like ourselves impose causal invariance through our coarse-graining of the hypergraph. In other words, by squinting at the universe, seeing only its large-scale features and glossing over the finer details, we reduce multiple paths through the multiway graph to a single timeline, and, in the process, impose causal invariance.

Jonathan goes on to explain that this coarse-graining can be modelled with completion rules. These are fake rules, similar to the true rules of Wolfram Physics, but posited solely to model the coarse-graining of the hypergraph by the observer.

And here’s the thing. According to Jonathan, these completion rules are formally equivalent to the collapse of the wavefunction in quantum mechanics. In other words, we finally have an explanation for how the observer causes the collapse of the wavefunction, reducing Schrödinger’s half live, half dead cat to one that’s either dead or alive.

If Jonathan’s right, then this is a true breakthrough, not just in quantum mechanics, but in the philosophy of physics.

In the next episode, we’ll move on to the other pillar of physics: Jonathan will explain how to derive general relativity from the hypergraph.

There’s much more to explain about each of these derivations, but we’re finally getting to the crux of Wolfram Physics, the question of whether it can, after all, model our universe.

—


Jonathan’s seminal paper on how to derive quantum mechanics

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

Stephen Wolfram’s books

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 07 Sep 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 934 Here’s the first of two crucial excerpts from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard.

The core idea of Wolfram Physics is that we can model the universe as a hypergraph. If we want this idea to be taken seriously, we’re going to have to derive physics from the hypergraph.

The twin pillars of physics, as we know it, are quantum mechanics and general relativity.

In this episode, Jonathan explains how quantum mechanics can be derived from the Wolfram model, indeed, how quantum mechanics unexpectedly fell out of the model.

It’s a fascinating story.

We start with the role of the observer. According to Jonathan, it turns out not to be necessary to narrow our focus to only causally invariant rules.

Why not? Because macroscopic observers like ourselves impose causal invariance through our coarse-graining of the hypergraph. In other words, by squinting at the universe, seeing only its large-scale features and glossing over the finer details, we reduce multiple paths through the multiway graph to a single timeline, and, in the process, impose causal invariance.

Jonathan goes on to explain that this coarse-graining can be modelled with completion rules. These are fake rules, similar to the true rules of Wolfram Physics, but posited solely to model the coarse-graining of the hypergraph by the observer.

And here’s the thing. According to Jonathan, these completion rules are formally equivalent to the collapse of the wavefunction in quantum mechanics. In other words, we finally have an explanation for how the observer causes the collapse of the wavefunction, reducing Schrödinger’s half live, half dead cat to one that’s either dead or alive.

If Jonathan’s right, then this is a true breakthrough, not just in quantum mechanics, but in the philosophy of physics.

In the next episode, we’ll move on to the other pillar of physics: Jonathan will explain how to derive general relativity from the hypergraph.

There’s much more to explain about each of these derivations, but we’re finally getting to the crux of Wolfram Physics, the question of whether it can, after all, model our universe.

—


Jonathan’s seminal paper on how to derive quantum mechanics

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

Stephen Wolfram’s books

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Peer review is suffocating science 45 45 Peer review is suffocating science full aac6fc25-61b0-4af6-b3c5-6ef56db34e76 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/045-peer-review-is-suffocating-science You know peer review, right?

It’s the way academics check each other’s research papers.

It ensures that only the good ones are published and prevents the bad ones from getting through.

Right?

Wrong.

Peer review does precisely the opposite of what you think it does.

It prevents the good papers from being published, and ensures that only the bad ones get through.

Peer review is suffocating science.

If we want to reverse the stagnation of science over the last 50 years, then we’ve got to get rid of peer review.

—


I highly recommend you read Adam Mastroianni’s splendid article The rise and fall of peer review


I first heard Adam’s ideas about peer review in his conversation Adam Mastroianni on Peer Review and the Academic Kitchen with Russ Roberts on EconTalk


Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973?

Scientific papers:

Physicists:

The Wolfram Physics Project:

My projects:

Image of Adam Mastroianni by permission from Adam Mastroianni

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here

The full article is here

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> You know peer review, right?

It’s the way academics check each other’s research papers.

It ensures that only the good ones are published and prevents the bad ones from getting through.

Right?

Wrong.

Peer review does precisely the opposite of what you think it does.

It prevents the good papers from being published, and ensures that only the bad ones get through.

Peer review is suffocating science.

If we want to reverse the stagnation of science over the last 50 years, then we’ve got to get rid of peer review.

—


I highly recommend you read Adam Mastroianni’s splendid article The rise and fall of peer review


I first heard Adam’s ideas about peer review in his conversation Adam Mastroianni on Peer Review and the Academic Kitchen with Russ Roberts on EconTalk


Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973?

Scientific papers:

Physicists:

The Wolfram Physics Project:

My projects:

Image of Adam Mastroianni by permission from Adam Mastroianni

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here

The full article is here

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 24 Aug 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 877 You know peer review, right?

It’s the way academics check each other’s research papers.

It ensures that only the good ones are published and prevents the bad ones from getting through.

Right?

Wrong.

Peer review does precisely the opposite of what you think it does.

It prevents the good papers from being published, and ensures that only the bad ones get through.

Peer review is suffocating science.

If we want to reverse the stagnation of science over the last 50 years, then we’ve got to get rid of peer review.

—


I highly recommend you read Adam Mastroianni’s splendid article The rise and fall of peer review


I first heard Adam’s ideas about peer review in his conversation Adam Mastroianni on Peer Review and the Academic Kitchen with Russ Roberts on EconTalk


Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973?

Scientific papers:

Physicists:

The Wolfram Physics Project:

My projects:

Image of Adam Mastroianni by permission from Adam Mastroianni

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here

The full article is here

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Is the universe a tautology? with Jonathan Gorard 44 44 Is the universe a tautology? with Jonathan Gorard full b4ef50b9-1fe6-443f-a05a-7c69e5381990 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/044-is-the-universe-a-tautology “Sorry, this is now getting very metaphysical,” says Jonathan Gorard part way through this excerpt from our conversation.

We start by talking about applying more than one rule to the hypergraph to create rulial multiway systems.

This takes us part way towards applying every possible rule, in other words, towards the ruliad.

We move on to the idea of measuring the complexity of a structure in terms of the minimum amount of information needed to express it.

Jonathan applies this idea to the ruliad, pointing out that it takes almost no information to express, since it encompasses all possible rules.

Since he believes, however, that there is some content to the universe – that it is not a tautalogy – this leads Jonathan to reject the idea of the ruliad.

We dig into why he has this intuition is that the universe is not a tautalogy.

Jonathan invokes theologians like John Duns Scotus, who promulgated the idea the the world is neither completely reducible nor completely irreducible.

He follows the scholastics in steering a middle path, suggesting that there’s enough content in the universe that it’s interesting, but not so much content that we can’t write down well-defined laws of nature.

This brings us, for the first time, to the role of the observer in the Wolfram model.

Again, Jonathan steers a middle path between placing the computational burden entirely on the universe and placing the computational burden entirely on the observer.

I find this 9-minute exposition fascinating. It gets to the heart of some of the philosophical differences between Jonathan Gorard and Stephen Wolfram, and to the nature of the universe and our role as observers.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Research mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> “Sorry, this is now getting very metaphysical,” says Jonathan Gorard part way through this excerpt from our conversation.

We start by talking about applying more than one rule to the hypergraph to create rulial multiway systems.

This takes us part way towards applying every possible rule, in other words, towards the ruliad.

We move on to the idea of measuring the complexity of a structure in terms of the minimum amount of information needed to express it.

Jonathan applies this idea to the ruliad, pointing out that it takes almost no information to express, since it encompasses all possible rules.

Since he believes, however, that there is some content to the universe – that it is not a tautalogy – this leads Jonathan to reject the idea of the ruliad.

We dig into why he has this intuition is that the universe is not a tautalogy.

Jonathan invokes theologians like John Duns Scotus, who promulgated the idea the the world is neither completely reducible nor completely irreducible.

He follows the scholastics in steering a middle path, suggesting that there’s enough content in the universe that it’s interesting, but not so much content that we can’t write down well-defined laws of nature.

This brings us, for the first time, to the role of the observer in the Wolfram model.

Again, Jonathan steers a middle path between placing the computational burden entirely on the universe and placing the computational burden entirely on the observer.

I find this 9-minute exposition fascinating. It gets to the heart of some of the philosophical differences between Jonathan Gorard and Stephen Wolfram, and to the nature of the universe and our role as observers.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Research mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 10 Aug 2023 12:45:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 630 “Sorry, this is now getting very metaphysical,” says Jonathan Gorard part way through this excerpt from our conversation.

We start by talking about applying more than one rule to the hypergraph to create rulial multiway systems.

This takes us part way towards applying every possible rule, in other words, towards the ruliad.

We move on to the idea of measuring the complexity of a structure in terms of the minimum amount of information needed to express it.

Jonathan applies this idea to the ruliad, pointing out that it takes almost no information to express, since it encompasses all possible rules.

Since he believes, however, that there is some content to the universe – that it is not a tautalogy – this leads Jonathan to reject the idea of the ruliad.

We dig into why he has this intuition is that the universe is not a tautalogy.

Jonathan invokes theologians like John Duns Scotus, who promulgated the idea the the world is neither completely reducible nor completely irreducible.

He follows the scholastics in steering a middle path, suggesting that there’s enough content in the universe that it’s interesting, but not so much content that we can’t write down well-defined laws of nature.

This brings us, for the first time, to the role of the observer in the Wolfram model.

Again, Jonathan steers a middle path between placing the computational burden entirely on the universe and placing the computational burden entirely on the observer.

I find this 9-minute exposition fascinating. It gets to the heart of some of the philosophical differences between Jonathan Gorard and Stephen Wolfram, and to the nature of the universe and our role as observers.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Research mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is a particle in Wolfram’s universe? 43 43 What is a particle in Wolfram’s universe? full 9b14cd20-8d32-4006-bd32-6cc59a5599e3 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/043-what-is-a-particle-in-wolframs-universe It’s pretty easy to see how three-dimensional space might arise from Wolfram Physics.

The hypergraph kinda looks like space, and, for some rules, it kinda looks like it’s three-dimensional.

But our universe isn’t just empty three-dimensional space.

It’s mostly empty space, but there are also particles moving through that space: photons, neutrinos, electrons, quarks.

Sometimes, these particles interact, annihilating each other and producing new particles.

If Wolfram Physics is to be a successful model of our universe, it must, of course, model these elementary particles and their interactions.

So where are the particles in the hypergraph?

What is a particle in Wolfram’s universe?

—

Animations:

Sources:

  • Talking of ConwayLife.com, that’s another incredible resource for information on Conway’s Game of Life

Tools:

Images:

Sounds:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> It’s pretty easy to see how three-dimensional space might arise from Wolfram Physics.

The hypergraph kinda looks like space, and, for some rules, it kinda looks like it’s three-dimensional.

But our universe isn’t just empty three-dimensional space.

It’s mostly empty space, but there are also particles moving through that space: photons, neutrinos, electrons, quarks.

Sometimes, these particles interact, annihilating each other and producing new particles.

If Wolfram Physics is to be a successful model of our universe, it must, of course, model these elementary particles and their interactions.

So where are the particles in the hypergraph?

What is a particle in Wolfram’s universe?

—

Animations:

Sources:

  • Talking of ConwayLife.com, that’s another incredible resource for information on Conway’s Game of Life

Tools:

Images:

Sounds:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 27 Jul 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1052 It’s pretty easy to see how three-dimensional space might arise from Wolfram Physics.

The hypergraph kinda looks like space, and, for some rules, it kinda looks like it’s three-dimensional.

But our universe isn’t just empty three-dimensional space.

It’s mostly empty space, but there are also particles moving through that space: photons, neutrinos, electrons, quarks.

Sometimes, these particles interact, annihilating each other and producing new particles.

If Wolfram Physics is to be a successful model of our universe, it must, of course, model these elementary particles and their interactions.

So where are the particles in the hypergraph?

What is a particle in Wolfram’s universe?

—

Animations:

Sources:

  • Talking of ConwayLife.com, that’s another incredible resource for information on Conway’s Game of Life

Tools:

Images:

Sounds:

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No One rule to rule them all? with Jonathan Gorard 42 42 One rule to rule them all? with Jonathan Gorard full 760f6c60-5e93-47ae-8416-537e8c5691d2 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/042-one-rule-to-rule-them-all In the early days of the Wolfram Physics Project, Stephen Wolfram seemed to be seeking a single rule that, when applied to the hypergraph, could generate our universe.

More recently, however, Wolfram has promoted the idea of the ruliad, the application of every possible rule to the hypergraph.

So I asked Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, whether all rules might be applied to generate our universe, or whether he was searching for one rule to rule them all.

—

Stephen Wolfram’s 2010 TED talk in which he said he was committed “to see if within this decade we can finally hold in our hands the rule for our universe”.

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In the early days of the Wolfram Physics Project, Stephen Wolfram seemed to be seeking a single rule that, when applied to the hypergraph, could generate our universe.

More recently, however, Wolfram has promoted the idea of the ruliad, the application of every possible rule to the hypergraph.

So I asked Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, whether all rules might be applied to generate our universe, or whether he was searching for one rule to rule them all.

—

Stephen Wolfram’s 2010 TED talk in which he said he was committed “to see if within this decade we can finally hold in our hands the rule for our universe”.

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 13 Jul 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 444 In the early days of the Wolfram Physics Project, Stephen Wolfram seemed to be seeking a single rule that, when applied to the hypergraph, could generate our universe.

More recently, however, Wolfram has promoted the idea of the ruliad, the application of every possible rule to the hypergraph.

So I asked Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, whether all rules might be applied to generate our universe, or whether he was searching for one rule to rule them all.

—

Stephen Wolfram’s 2010 TED talk in which he said he was committed “to see if within this decade we can finally hold in our hands the rule for our universe”.

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No John von Neumann and the art of being there 41 41 John von Neumann and the art of being there full ca73c3b1-bb5f-4c84-96e2-277c8a7f0b44 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/041-john-von-neumann-and-the-art-of-being-there John von Neumann might be the most important figure in Wolfram Physics prehistory.

Whenever any of the most important prerequisites to Wolfram Physics were happening – quantum mechanics, Gödel’s theorem, Turing machines, electronic computers, cellular automata – John von Neumann always seemed to be there.

How did John von Neumann always come to be in the right place at the right time to contribute to some of the most significant developments in physics, mathematics and computation history?

For this, another high-budget, big-hair episode of The Last Theory, I flew all the way to Budapest, where John von Neumann was born, to point to a plaque and get some answers.

—


I took inspiration and information for this episode from Ananyo Bhattacharya’s biography of John von Neumann: The Man from the Future

People

Concepts

Computers

Images

  • Image of John von Neumann from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which rather pointlessly requires that this rather ponderous statement be reproduced here: “Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor LANS makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.”
  • Turing Machine Model Davey 2012 by Rocky Acosta licensed under CC BY 3.0
  • Animation. 1200 iterations of the ‘Rule 110’ Automata by Mr. Heretic licenced under  CC BY-SA 3.0
  • Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg by an unknown author (Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R57262) licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE
  • Turing in 1935 by Tomipelegrin licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Gospers glider gun by Lucas Vieira licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> John von Neumann might be the most important figure in Wolfram Physics prehistory.

Whenever any of the most important prerequisites to Wolfram Physics were happening – quantum mechanics, Gödel’s theorem, Turing machines, electronic computers, cellular automata – John von Neumann always seemed to be there.

How did John von Neumann always come to be in the right place at the right time to contribute to some of the most significant developments in physics, mathematics and computation history?

For this, another high-budget, big-hair episode of The Last Theory, I flew all the way to Budapest, where John von Neumann was born, to point to a plaque and get some answers.

—


I took inspiration and information for this episode from Ananyo Bhattacharya’s biography of John von Neumann: The Man from the Future

People

Concepts

Computers

Images

  • Image of John von Neumann from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which rather pointlessly requires that this rather ponderous statement be reproduced here: “Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor LANS makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.”
  • Turing Machine Model Davey 2012 by Rocky Acosta licensed under CC BY 3.0
  • Animation. 1200 iterations of the ‘Rule 110’ Automata by Mr. Heretic licenced under  CC BY-SA 3.0
  • Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg by an unknown author (Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R57262) licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE
  • Turing in 1935 by Tomipelegrin licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Gospers glider gun by Lucas Vieira licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fri, 30 Jun 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 936 John von Neumann might be the most important figure in Wolfram Physics prehistory.

Whenever any of the most important prerequisites to Wolfram Physics were happening – quantum mechanics, Gödel’s theorem, Turing machines, electronic computers, cellular automata – John von Neumann always seemed to be there.

How did John von Neumann always come to be in the right place at the right time to contribute to some of the most significant developments in physics, mathematics and computation history?

For this, another high-budget, big-hair episode of The Last Theory, I flew all the way to Budapest, where John von Neumann was born, to point to a plaque and get some answers.

—


I took inspiration and information for this episode from Ananyo Bhattacharya’s biography of John von Neumann: The Man from the Future

People

Concepts

Computers

Images

  • Image of John von Neumann from the Los Alamos National Laboratory, which rather pointlessly requires that this rather ponderous statement be reproduced here: “Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS), operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. DE-AC52-06NA25396 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor LANS makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.”
  • Turing Machine Model Davey 2012 by Rocky Acosta licensed under CC BY 3.0
  • Animation. 1200 iterations of the ‘Rule 110’ Automata by Mr. Heretic licenced under  CC BY-SA 3.0
  • Bundesarchiv Bild183-R57262, Werner Heisenberg by an unknown author (Bundesarchiv, Bild 183-R57262) licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 DE
  • Turing in 1935 by Tomipelegrin licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0
  • Gospers glider gun by Lucas Vieira licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

—

The Last Theory is hosted by Mark Jeffery, founder of the Open Web Mind

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to find interesting and plausible rules with Jonathan Gorard 40 40 How to find interesting and plausible rules with Jonathan Gorard full f4e5f4d6-b8e1-46b0-b460-37e221afdac3 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/040-how-to-find-interesting-and-plausible-rules The Wolfram model allows an infinite number of rules.

Some of these rules generate interesting universes that are complex and connected, some of these rules generate plausible universes that look a little like our own, and others... go nowhere.

In this excerpt from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard, I ask him how to find rules of Wolfram Physics that are both interesting and plausible.

—


Jonathan Gorard

The paper referred to by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The Wolfram model allows an infinite number of rules.

Some of these rules generate interesting universes that are complex and connected, some of these rules generate plausible universes that look a little like our own, and others... go nowhere.

In this excerpt from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard, I ask him how to find rules of Wolfram Physics that are both interesting and plausible.

—


Jonathan Gorard

The paper referred to by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 15 Jun 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 504 The Wolfram model allows an infinite number of rules.

Some of these rules generate interesting universes that are complex and connected, some of these rules generate plausible universes that look a little like our own, and others... go nowhere.

In this excerpt from my conversation with Jonathan Gorard, I ask him how to find rules of Wolfram Physics that are both interesting and plausible.

—


Jonathan Gorard

The paper referred to by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973? 39 39 Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973? full 073ff067-a9e9-46da-9ece-d1887e28c7ab https://lasttheory.com/podcast/039-why-has-there-been-no-progress-in-physics-since-1973 The twentieth century was a truly exciting time in physics.

From 1905 to 1973, we made extraordinary progress probing the mysteries of the universe: special relativity, general relativity, quantum mechanics, the structure of the atom, the structure of the nucleus, enumerating the elementary particles.

Then, in 1973, this extraordinary progress... stopped.

I mean, where are the fundamental discoveries in the last 50 years equal to general relativity or quantum mechanics?

Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973?

For this high-budget, big-hair episode of The Last Theory, I flew all the way to Oxford to tell you why progress stopped, and why it’s set to start again: why progress in physics might be about to accelerate in the early twenty-first century in a way we haven’t seen since those heady days of the early twentieth century.

—

Eric Weinstein’s claims that there has been no progress in physics since 1973:

Lord Kelvin

—

 I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The twentieth century was a truly exciting time in physics.

From 1905 to 1973, we made extraordinary progress probing the mysteries of the universe: special relativity, general relativity, quantum mechanics, the structure of the atom, the structure of the nucleus, enumerating the elementary particles.

Then, in 1973, this extraordinary progress... stopped.

I mean, where are the fundamental discoveries in the last 50 years equal to general relativity or quantum mechanics?

Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973?

For this high-budget, big-hair episode of The Last Theory, I flew all the way to Oxford to tell you why progress stopped, and why it’s set to start again: why progress in physics might be about to accelerate in the early twenty-first century in a way we haven’t seen since those heady days of the early twentieth century.

—

Eric Weinstein’s claims that there has been no progress in physics since 1973:

Lord Kelvin

—

 I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 01 Jun 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 733 The twentieth century was a truly exciting time in physics.

From 1905 to 1973, we made extraordinary progress probing the mysteries of the universe: special relativity, general relativity, quantum mechanics, the structure of the atom, the structure of the nucleus, enumerating the elementary particles.

Then, in 1973, this extraordinary progress... stopped.

I mean, where are the fundamental discoveries in the last 50 years equal to general relativity or quantum mechanics?

Why has there been no progress in physics since 1973?

For this high-budget, big-hair episode of The Last Theory, I flew all the way to Oxford to tell you why progress stopped, and why it’s set to start again: why progress in physics might be about to accelerate in the early twenty-first century in a way we haven’t seen since those heady days of the early twentieth century.

—

Eric Weinstein’s claims that there has been no progress in physics since 1973:

Lord Kelvin

—

 I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to find causally invariant rules with Jonathan Gorard 38 38 How to find causally invariant rules with Jonathan Gorard full cf706ec1-dd5d-4a5a-9208-1682915d407a https://lasttheory.com/podcast/038-how-to-find-causally-invariant-rules Causal invariance is a crucial characteristic for any rule of Wolfram Physics.

According to Wolfram MathWorld, if a rule is causally invariant, then “no matter which evolution is chosen for a system, the history is the same, in the sense that the same events occur and they have the same causal relationships.”

Causal invariance is one of the assumptions Jonathan Gorard needs to make to derive the equations of General Relativity from the hypergraph. That’s how crucial it is! 

Given that not every rule of Wolfram Physics is causally invariant, I asked Jonathan how we find the ones that are.

Here, in another excerpt from our recent conversation, is his answer: how to find causally invariant rules.

—

Jonathan Gorard

People and concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Causal invariance is a crucial characteristic for any rule of Wolfram Physics.

According to Wolfram MathWorld, if a rule is causally invariant, then “no matter which evolution is chosen for a system, the history is the same, in the sense that the same events occur and they have the same causal relationships.”

Causal invariance is one of the assumptions Jonathan Gorard needs to make to derive the equations of General Relativity from the hypergraph. That’s how crucial it is! 

Given that not every rule of Wolfram Physics is causally invariant, I asked Jonathan how we find the ones that are.

Here, in another excerpt from our recent conversation, is his answer: how to find causally invariant rules.

—

Jonathan Gorard

People and concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 18 May 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 313 Causal invariance is a crucial characteristic for any rule of Wolfram Physics.

According to Wolfram MathWorld, if a rule is causally invariant, then “no matter which evolution is chosen for a system, the history is the same, in the sense that the same events occur and they have the same causal relationships.”

Causal invariance is one of the assumptions Jonathan Gorard needs to make to derive the equations of General Relativity from the hypergraph. That’s how crucial it is! 

Given that not every rule of Wolfram Physics is causally invariant, I asked Jonathan how we find the ones that are.

Here, in another excerpt from our recent conversation, is his answer: how to find causally invariant rules.

—

Jonathan Gorard

People and concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to knit the universe 37 37 How to knit the universe full d2e95210-a3c8-45a4-a951-8aba6a069014 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/037-how-to-knit-the-universe Now that I’ve introduced you to the different kinds of edges that might make up a hypergraph – unary, binary and ternary edges, as well as loops and self-loops – we can have some fun.

Some of rules in the Wolfram model give rise to fascinating universes.

Today, I’m going to show you a few rules that seem to fabricate space itself in much the same way as knitting needles might fabricate a blanket.

And if you think that knitting is a far-fetched analogy, just wait until you see my animations!

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Now that I’ve introduced you to the different kinds of edges that might make up a hypergraph – unary, binary and ternary edges, as well as loops and self-loops – we can have some fun.

Some of rules in the Wolfram model give rise to fascinating universes.

Today, I’m going to show you a few rules that seem to fabricate space itself in much the same way as knitting needles might fabricate a blanket.

And if you think that knitting is a far-fetched analogy, just wait until you see my animations!

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 04 May 2023 09:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 650 Now that I’ve introduced you to the different kinds of edges that might make up a hypergraph – unary, binary and ternary edges, as well as loops and self-loops – we can have some fun.

Some of rules in the Wolfram model give rise to fascinating universes.

Today, I’m going to show you a few rules that seem to fabricate space itself in much the same way as knitting needles might fabricate a blanket.

And if you think that knitting is a far-fetched analogy, just wait until you see my animations!

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Animating the hypergraph with Dugan Hammock 36 36 Animating the hypergraph with Dugan Hammock full ffb2f635-ae99-4b08-9b15-8ecdf2992580 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/036-animating-the-hypergraph Dugan Hammock creates beautiful animations of three-dimensional cross-sections through four-dimensional spaces.

But his animations aren’t mere mathematical abstractions. He has also applied his geometrical skills to animating the hypergraph of Wolfram Physics, in such a way that it doesn’t jump from frame to frame.

In this second part of my recent conversation with Dugan, we talk about his extending spring-electrical embedding into an additional time dimension...

...and we show some of the beautifully smooth animations that come out of it.

—


Dugan Hammock

People and concepts mentioned by Dugan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Dugan Hammock creates beautiful animations of three-dimensional cross-sections through four-dimensional spaces.

But his animations aren’t mere mathematical abstractions. He has also applied his geometrical skills to animating the hypergraph of Wolfram Physics, in such a way that it doesn’t jump from frame to frame.

In this second part of my recent conversation with Dugan, we talk about his extending spring-electrical embedding into an additional time dimension...

...and we show some of the beautifully smooth animations that come out of it.

—


Dugan Hammock

People and concepts mentioned by Dugan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 22 Apr 2023 14:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 510 Dugan Hammock creates beautiful animations of three-dimensional cross-sections through four-dimensional spaces.

But his animations aren’t mere mathematical abstractions. He has also applied his geometrical skills to animating the hypergraph of Wolfram Physics, in such a way that it doesn’t jump from frame to frame.

In this second part of my recent conversation with Dugan, we talk about his extending spring-electrical embedding into an additional time dimension...

...and we show some of the beautifully smooth animations that come out of it.

—


Dugan Hammock

People and concepts mentioned by Dugan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Causal invariance versus confluence with Jonathan Gorard 35 35 Causal invariance versus confluence with Jonathan Gorard full 62d76649-7406-4440-a444-dca8422c5a1c https://lasttheory.com/podcast/035-causal-invariance-versus-confluence Causal invariance is one of the most important concepts in the Wolfram model... and one of the most difficult to capture.

So I really wanted to hear Jonathan Gorard’s take on it.

In this excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan addresses the differences between causal invariance and confluence.

Causal invariance means that regardless of the order in which a rule is applied to the hypergraph, the same events occur, with the same causal relationships between them.

Confluence, on the other hand, is the coming-together of different branches of the multiway graph.

Jonathan explores different ways we might determine whether two nodes, two edges or two hypergraphs are the same, and explains that if we identify nodes and edges according to their causal histories, then causal invariance and confluence become the same idea.

I’ve found myself listening to Jonathan’s explanation of causal invariance over and over to make sense of it, but it’s one of the areas where I’m convinced Jonathan has a unique contribution to make.

—

Jonathan Gorard

  • Jonathan Gorard at The Wolfram Physics Project
  • Jonathan Gorard at Cardiff University
  • Jonathan Gorard on Twitter

  • The Centre for Applied Compositionality
  • The Wolfram Physics Project


Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

  • Causal invariance
  • Multiway system

  • Causal structure
  • Causal Set Theory


  • Directed acyclic graph
  • Isomorphic


  • Space-like separation
  • Simultaneity and simultaneity surfaces in relativity

  • Lorentz invariance
  • Poincaré invariance
  • Conformal invariance
  • Diffeomorphism invariance
  • General covariance

  • Confluence
  • Church-Rosser Property


—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Causal invariance is one of the most important concepts in the Wolfram model... and one of the most difficult to capture.

So I really wanted to hear Jonathan Gorard’s take on it.

In this excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan addresses the differences between causal invariance and confluence.

Causal invariance means that regardless of the order in which a rule is applied to the hypergraph, the same events occur, with the same causal relationships between them.

Confluence, on the other hand, is the coming-together of different branches of the multiway graph.

Jonathan explores different ways we might determine whether two nodes, two edges or two hypergraphs are the same, and explains that if we identify nodes and edges according to their causal histories, then causal invariance and confluence become the same idea.

I’ve found myself listening to Jonathan’s explanation of causal invariance over and over to make sense of it, but it’s one of the areas where I’m convinced Jonathan has a unique contribution to make.

—

Jonathan Gorard

  • Jonathan Gorard at The Wolfram Physics Project
  • Jonathan Gorard at Cardiff University
  • Jonathan Gorard on Twitter

  • The Centre for Applied Compositionality
  • The Wolfram Physics Project


Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

  • Causal invariance
  • Multiway system

  • Causal structure
  • Causal Set Theory


  • Directed acyclic graph
  • Isomorphic


  • Space-like separation
  • Simultaneity and simultaneity surfaces in relativity

  • Lorentz invariance
  • Poincaré invariance
  • Conformal invariance
  • Diffeomorphism invariance
  • General covariance

  • Confluence
  • Church-Rosser Property


—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sat, 08 Apr 2023 09:45:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 809 Causal invariance is one of the most important concepts in the Wolfram model... and one of the most difficult to capture.

So I really wanted to hear Jonathan Gorard’s take on it.

In this excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan addresses the differences between causal invariance and confluence.

Causal invariance means that regardless of the order in which a rule is applied to the hypergraph, the same events occur, with the same causal relationships between them.

Confluence, on the other hand, is the coming-together of different branches of the multiway graph.

Jonathan explores different ways we might determine whether two nodes, two edges or two hypergraphs are the same, and explains that if we identify nodes and edges according to their causal histories, then causal invariance and confluence become the same idea.

I’ve found myself listening to Jonathan’s explanation of causal invariance over and over to make sense of it, but it’s one of the areas where I’m convinced Jonathan has a unique contribution to make.

—

Jonathan Gorard

  • Jonathan Gorard at The Wolfram Physics Project
  • Jonathan Gorard at Cardiff University
  • Jonathan Gorard on Twitter

  • The Centre for Applied Compositionality
  • The Wolfram Physics Project


Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

  • Causal invariance
  • Multiway system

  • Causal structure
  • Causal Set Theory


  • Directed acyclic graph
  • Isomorphic


  • Space-like separation
  • Simultaneity and simultaneity surfaces in relativity

  • Lorentz invariance
  • Poincaré invariance
  • Conformal invariance
  • Diffeomorphism invariance
  • General covariance

  • Confluence
  • Church-Rosser Property


—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Loops and self‑loops in the hypergraph 34 34 Loops and self‑loops in the hypergraph full bab3f325-156c-4abc-8dbd-d8ea6c794393 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/034-loops-and-self-loops-in-the-hypergraph So many of the most complex and most promising graphs and hypergraphs of Wolfram Physics involve loops and self-loops.

They can play a crucial role in the evolution of graphs and hypergraphs... which means that they might play a crucial role in the evolution of the universe itself.

Loops and self-loops matter, because including them in our models reduces the number of arbitrary assumptions we need to make in Wolfram Physics, making it more complete.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> So many of the most complex and most promising graphs and hypergraphs of Wolfram Physics involve loops and self-loops.

They can play a crucial role in the evolution of graphs and hypergraphs... which means that they might play a crucial role in the evolution of the universe itself.

Loops and self-loops matter, because including them in our models reduces the number of arbitrary assumptions we need to make in Wolfram Physics, making it more complete.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Sun, 26 Mar 2023 10:25:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 653 So many of the most complex and most promising graphs and hypergraphs of Wolfram Physics involve loops and self-loops.

They can play a crucial role in the evolution of graphs and hypergraphs... which means that they might play a crucial role in the evolution of the universe itself.

Loops and self-loops matter, because including them in our models reduces the number of arbitrary assumptions we need to make in Wolfram Physics, making it more complete.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Living in the fourth dimension with Dugan Hammock 33 33 Living in the fourth dimension with Dugan Hammock full 1d44049b-cd0e-4d3c-8654-1ae560ee4678 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/033-living-in-the-fourth-dimension Dugan Hammock lives in the fourth dimension.

As Jonathan Gorard mentioned in our recent conversation on How to draw the hypergraph in Wolfram Physics, Dugan has worked on plotting the evolution of the hypergraph over time.

We get into that in the second part of our conversation, but in this first part, I get to know Dugan as a mathematician and artist.

Enjoy his amazing animations of three-dimensional cross-sections through four-dimensional hypershapes!

—


Dugan Hammock

People mentioned by Dugan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Dugan Hammock lives in the fourth dimension.

As Jonathan Gorard mentioned in our recent conversation on How to draw the hypergraph in Wolfram Physics, Dugan has worked on plotting the evolution of the hypergraph over time.

We get into that in the second part of our conversation, but in this first part, I get to know Dugan as a mathematician and artist.

Enjoy his amazing animations of three-dimensional cross-sections through four-dimensional hypershapes!

—


Dugan Hammock

People mentioned by Dugan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 16 Mar 2023 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 411 Dugan Hammock lives in the fourth dimension.

As Jonathan Gorard mentioned in our recent conversation on How to draw the hypergraph in Wolfram Physics, Dugan has worked on plotting the evolution of the hypergraph over time.

We get into that in the second part of our conversation, but in this first part, I get to know Dugan as a mathematician and artist.

Enjoy his amazing animations of three-dimensional cross-sections through four-dimensional hypershapes!

—


Dugan Hammock

People mentioned by Dugan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why I changed my mind about computational irreducibility with Jonathan Gorard 32 32 Why I changed my mind about computational irreducibility with Jonathan Gorard full 0f4de60e-2766-4b12-a518-c38b95dd8bc9 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/032-why-i-changed-my-mind-about-computational-irreducibility Computational irreducibility means that there are no shortcuts when we apply rules to the hypergraph.


I used to think that our existing theories of physics, such as general relativity and quantum mechanics, were examples of computational reducibility: shortcuts that allow us to make higher-level generalizations about how the application of rules to the hypergraph gives rise to our universe.


Jonathan Gorard used to think this, too.


But it turns out that over the last couple of years, he has changed his mind on this quite radically.


General relativity and quantum mechanics, he now thinks, aren’t examples of computational reducibility, they’re consequences of computational irreducibility.


I truly appreciated this part of our conversation, because it radically changed my mind, too, about this crucial concept in Wolfram Physics.


—


Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan



—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Computational irreducibility means that there are no shortcuts when we apply rules to the hypergraph.


I used to think that our existing theories of physics, such as general relativity and quantum mechanics, were examples of computational reducibility: shortcuts that allow us to make higher-level generalizations about how the application of rules to the hypergraph gives rise to our universe.


Jonathan Gorard used to think this, too.


But it turns out that over the last couple of years, he has changed his mind on this quite radically.


General relativity and quantum mechanics, he now thinks, aren’t examples of computational reducibility, they’re consequences of computational irreducibility.


I truly appreciated this part of our conversation, because it radically changed my mind, too, about this crucial concept in Wolfram Physics.


—


Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan



—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 23 Feb 2023 10:45:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 606 Computational irreducibility means that there are no shortcuts when we apply rules to the hypergraph.


I used to think that our existing theories of physics, such as general relativity and quantum mechanics, were examples of computational reducibility: shortcuts that allow us to make higher-level generalizations about how the application of rules to the hypergraph gives rise to our universe.


Jonathan Gorard used to think this, too.


But it turns out that over the last couple of years, he has changed his mind on this quite radically.


General relativity and quantum mechanics, he now thinks, aren’t examples of computational reducibility, they’re consequences of computational irreducibility.


I truly appreciated this part of our conversation, because it radically changed my mind, too, about this crucial concept in Wolfram Physics.


—


Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan



—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What’s beyond the universe? 31 31 What’s beyond the universe? full ce96c81a-081f-43a7-a640-575cba6b9e05 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/031-what-is-beyond-the-universe There are two questions about Wolfram Physics I’m asked a lot:

What’s beyond the hypergraph?

And what’s between the nodes and edges of the hypergraph?

There’s a simple answer to this question.

Nothing.

There’s nothing beyond the hypergraph.

There’s nothing beyond the universe.

But it’s not a very effective answer.

So here’s a deeper response to the age-old question:

What’s beyond the universe?

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> There are two questions about Wolfram Physics I’m asked a lot:

What’s beyond the hypergraph?

And what’s between the nodes and edges of the hypergraph?

There’s a simple answer to this question.

Nothing.

There’s nothing beyond the hypergraph.

There’s nothing beyond the universe.

But it’s not a very effective answer.

So here’s a deeper response to the age-old question:

What’s beyond the universe?

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 09 Feb 2023 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 878 There are two questions about Wolfram Physics I'm asked a lot: What's beyond the hypergraph? And what's between the nodes and edges of the hypergraph? Here's my response to the age-old question: What's beyond the universe? There are two questions about Wolfram Physics I'm asked a lot: What's beyond the hypergraph? And what's between the nodes and edges of the hypergraph? Here's my response to the age-old question: What's beyond the universe? wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to draw the hypergraph in Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard 30 30 How to draw the hypergraph in Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard full 3d14cdb4-3eb4-48d4-9031-14601c7a6974 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/030-how-to-draw-the-hypergraph-in-wolfram-physics The hypergraph is the universe.

So if we want to see the universe, we need only draw the hypergraph.

The question is: how?

The nodes and edges of the hypergraph are determined by the rules of Wolfram Physics. But how we draw those nodes and edges is not determined.

The drawing of the hypergraph is not the universe, it’s just a way of visualizing the universe.

So I asked Jonathan Gorard how we might decide where to position the nodes and edges when we draw the hypergraph, so that we can see what’s really going on in Wolfram Physics.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> The hypergraph is the universe.

So if we want to see the universe, we need only draw the hypergraph.

The question is: how?

The nodes and edges of the hypergraph are determined by the rules of Wolfram Physics. But how we draw those nodes and edges is not determined.

The drawing of the hypergraph is not the universe, it’s just a way of visualizing the universe.

So I asked Jonathan Gorard how we might decide where to position the nodes and edges when we draw the hypergraph, so that we can see what’s really going on in Wolfram Physics.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People mentioned by Jonathan

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 26 Jan 2023 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 486 The hypergraph is the universe. So if we want to see the universe, we need only draw the hypergraph. The question is: how? Jonathan Gorard and I discuss how to see what's really going on in Wolfram Physics. The hypergraph is the universe. So if we want to see the universe, we need only draw the hypergraph. The question is: how? Jonathan Gorard and I discuss how to see what's really going on in Wolfram Physics. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is the Big Bang in Wolfram’s universe? 29 29 What is the Big Bang in Wolfram’s universe? full 8493af6c-89cf-4598-a6e3-f21f17c21445 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/029-what-is-the-big-bang-in-wolframs-universe What is the Big Bang in Wolfram Physics?

There’s a straightforward answer to that question.

It’s the point in the evolution of the universe where the hypergraph goes from nothing to something.

It’s the start of the explosion that eventually yields the uncountable particles, planets, stars and galaxies of our universe.

So that’s pretty straightforward, isn’t it?

Well, yes, except that there’s one phrase above that demands further explanation: nothing to something.

How does the universe go from nothing to something?

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> What is the Big Bang in Wolfram Physics?

There’s a straightforward answer to that question.

It’s the point in the evolution of the universe where the hypergraph goes from nothing to something.

It’s the start of the explosion that eventually yields the uncountable particles, planets, stars and galaxies of our universe.

So that’s pretty straightforward, isn’t it?

Well, yes, except that there’s one phrase above that demands further explanation: nothing to something.

How does the universe go from nothing to something?

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 19 Jan 2023 10:30:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 512 What is the Big Bang in Wolfram Physics? It’s the point in the evolution of the universe where the hypergraph goes from nothing to something. The question is, how does the universe go from nothing to something? What is the Big Bang in Wolfram Physics? It’s the point in the evolution of the universe where the hypergraph goes from nothing to something. The question is, how does the universe go from nothing to something? wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Graphs v hypergraphs in Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard 28 28 Graphs v hypergraphs in Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard full a1f0d16a-b1da-49c3-ab81-365c1ed489c9 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/028-graphs-v-hypergraphs-in-wolfram-physics Here’s a slightly technical question:

Does Wolfram Physics really need hypergraphs?

Or could it based on graphs instead?

Jonathan Gorard shares some interesting insights into the evolution of Stephen Wolfram’s model for a fundamental theory of physics.

Wolfram started with trivalent graphs, in which each edge joins two nodes, and each node has three edges.

But when he ran into issues implementing simulations using these simple graphs, he solved the problem by graduating to hypergraphs, in which each hyperedge can join any number of nodes, and each node can have any number of hyperedges.

Here’s how hypergraphs, rather than graphs, came to be the basis of Wolfram Physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Here’s a slightly technical question:

Does Wolfram Physics really need hypergraphs?

Or could it based on graphs instead?

Jonathan Gorard shares some interesting insights into the evolution of Stephen Wolfram’s model for a fundamental theory of physics.

Wolfram started with trivalent graphs, in which each edge joins two nodes, and each node has three edges.

But when he ran into issues implementing simulations using these simple graphs, he solved the problem by graduating to hypergraphs, in which each hyperedge can join any number of nodes, and each node can have any number of hyperedges.

Here’s how hypergraphs, rather than graphs, came to be the basis of Wolfram Physics.

—

Jonathan Gorard

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 05 Jan 2023 11:30:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 410 Here’s a slightly technical question: Does Wolfram Physics really need hypergraphs? Or could it based on graphs instead? Jonathan Gorard explains how hypergraphs, rather than graphs, came to be the basis of Wolfram Physics. Here’s a slightly technical question: Does Wolfram Physics really need hypergraphs? Or could it based on graphs instead? Jonathan Gorard explains how hypergraphs, rather than graphs, came to be the basis of Wolfram Physics. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Where I’m going with Wolfram Physics in 2023 27 27 Where I’m going with Wolfram Physics in 2023 full 036d570f-26c6-4c5d-b081-628678d926d7 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/027-where-i-am-going-with-wolfram-physics-in-2023 I’ve been blown away by your response to The Last Theory in 2022.

How am I going to thank you for reading, listening, watching and subscribing?

Well, by bringing you more Wolfram Physics in the New Year, that’s how.

Here are 7 directions I want to take The Last Theory in 2023.

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> I’ve been blown away by your response to The Last Theory in 2022.

How am I going to thank you for reading, listening, watching and subscribing?

Well, by bringing you more Wolfram Physics in the New Year, that’s how.

Here are 7 directions I want to take The Last Theory in 2023.

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 29 Dec 2022 10:40:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 441 I've been blown away by your response to The Last Theory in 2022. Here are 7 directions I want to take The Last Theory in 2023. I've been blown away by your response to The Last Theory in 2022. Here are 7 directions I want to take The Last Theory in 2023. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why hypergraphs might be a good model of the universe with Jonathan Gorard 26 26 Why hypergraphs might be a good model of the universe with Jonathan Gorard full a2a7755e-d871-4bfe-beb8-2937c448a002 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/026-why-hypergraphs-might-be-a-good-model-of-the-universe Wolfram Physics is based on hypergraphs.

Why?

What is it about hypergraphs that might make them a better model of the universe than, say, strings of characters, or cellular automata, or Turing machines?

When I asked Jonathan Gorard this question, he gave an answer that was deeply insightful.

It’s such a core question, so fundamental to why we should take the Wolfram model seriously, that I’ve listened to Jonathan’s answer over and over.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People and Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Wolfram Physics is based on hypergraphs.

Why?

What is it about hypergraphs that might make them a better model of the universe than, say, strings of characters, or cellular automata, or Turing machines?

When I asked Jonathan Gorard this question, he gave an answer that was deeply insightful.

It’s such a core question, so fundamental to why we should take the Wolfram model seriously, that I’ve listened to Jonathan’s answer over and over.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People and Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 22 Dec 2022 14:20:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 626 Wolfram Physics is based on hypergraphs. Why? Here's Jonathan Gorard's deeply insightful answer to this core question, so fundamental to why we should take the Wolfram model seriously. Wolfram Physics is based on hypergraphs. Why? Here's Jonathan Gorard's deeply insightful answer to this core question, so fundamental to why we should take the Wolfram model seriously. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Is Wolfram Physics the next scientific revolution? 25 25 Is Wolfram Physics the next scientific revolution? full 53385cf3-a467-40bb-b4d5-596aaa140d84 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/025-is-wolfram-physics-the-next-scientific-revolution For the last few hundred years, all our theories of physics have been mathematical.

If Stephen Wolfram is right, from now on, our most fundamental theories of physics may be computational.

This shift from mathematics to computation feels to me like a scientific revolution.

Recently, I asked Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of The Wolfram Physics Project, whether it feels to him, too, like a scientific revolution.

“I think so,” he said. “I mean, it’s a strong statement, but I don’t think it’ll end up being too inaccurate.”

(If you want to check out that part of our conversation, you can listen here or watch here.)

Here’s why, in my mind, Wolfram Physics is the next scientific revolution.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> For the last few hundred years, all our theories of physics have been mathematical.

If Stephen Wolfram is right, from now on, our most fundamental theories of physics may be computational.

This shift from mathematics to computation feels to me like a scientific revolution.

Recently, I asked Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of The Wolfram Physics Project, whether it feels to him, too, like a scientific revolution.

“I think so,” he said. “I mean, it’s a strong statement, but I don’t think it’ll end up being too inaccurate.”

(If you want to check out that part of our conversation, you can listen here or watch here.)

Here’s why, in my mind, Wolfram Physics is the next scientific revolution.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 15 Dec 2022 09:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 653 For the last few hundred years, all our theories of physics have been mathematical. If Stephen Wolfram is right, from now on, our most fundamental theories of physics may be computational. This shift from mathematics to computation feels to me like a scientific revolution. For the last few hundred years, all our theories of physics have been mathematical. If Stephen Wolfram is right, from now on, our most fundamental theories of physics may be computational. This shift from mathematics to computation feels to me like a scie wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why I took a chance on Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard 24 24 Why I took a chance on Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard full 3ae0a2a5-7ac7-49bf-b5a9-7f42f9a2b1de https://lasttheory.com/podcast/024-why-i-took-a-chance-on-wolfram-physics Jonathan Gorard admits that it was a risk, for his academic career, to work on the Wolfram Physics project.

In this third excerpt from my recent conversation with Jonathan, I asked him how he thought about that risk and why he decided to take it.

He told me that the opportunity to work with Stephen Wolfram on this new model is a bit like being given an opportunity to work with von Neumann and Ulam on cellular automata, or with Turing, Church and Gödel on computational models, back in the early twentieth century.

So I asked Jonathan whether he thought, as I do, that the reframing physics in terms of computation feels like we’re in a scientific revolution, as important as the reframing of physics in terms of mathematics several hundred years ago.

“It’s a strong statement,” he replied, “but I don’t think it’ll end up being too inaccurate.”

For me, the opportunity to talk to Jonathan about Wolfram Physics feels a bit like being given an opportunity to interview Dirac, Heisenberg, Pauli or Schrödinger back in the early days of quantum mechanics.

These are exciting times.

—


Jonathan Gorard


People and Concepts mentioned by Jonathan






Image credits

For images from the Los Alamos National Laboratory: Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Triad National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor Triad makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Jonathan Gorard admits that it was a risk, for his academic career, to work on the Wolfram Physics project.

In this third excerpt from my recent conversation with Jonathan, I asked him how he thought about that risk and why he decided to take it.

He told me that the opportunity to work with Stephen Wolfram on this new model is a bit like being given an opportunity to work with von Neumann and Ulam on cellular automata, or with Turing, Church and Gödel on computational models, back in the early twentieth century.

So I asked Jonathan whether he thought, as I do, that the reframing physics in terms of computation feels like we’re in a scientific revolution, as important as the reframing of physics in terms of mathematics several hundred years ago.

“It’s a strong statement,” he replied, “but I don’t think it’ll end up being too inaccurate.”

For me, the opportunity to talk to Jonathan about Wolfram Physics feels a bit like being given an opportunity to interview Dirac, Heisenberg, Pauli or Schrödinger back in the early days of quantum mechanics.

These are exciting times.

—


Jonathan Gorard


People and Concepts mentioned by Jonathan






Image credits

For images from the Los Alamos National Laboratory: Unless otherwise indicated, this information has been authored by an employee or employees of the Triad National Security, LLC, operator of the Los Alamos National Laboratory with the U.S. Department of Energy. The U.S. Government has rights to use, reproduce, and distribute this information. The public may copy and use this information without charge, provided that this Notice and any statement of authorship are reproduced on all copies. Neither the Government nor Triad makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any liability or responsibility for the use of this information.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 08 Dec 2022 11:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 558 Jonathan Gorard admits that it was a risk, for his academic career, to work on the Wolfram Physics project. In this third excerpt from my recent conversation with Jonathan, I asked him how he thought about that risk and why he decided to take it. Jonathan Gorard admits that it was a risk, for his academic career, to work on the Wolfram Physics project. In this third excerpt from my recent conversation with Jonathan, I asked him how he thought about that risk and why he decided to take it. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is the multiway graph in Wolfram Physics? 23 23 What is the multiway graph in Wolfram Physics? full 282e62cc-d4c0-4378-96ea-c63af4d5cdc8 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/023-what-is-the-multiway-graph-in-wolfram-physics In Episode 15: Where to apply Wolfram’s rules? (listen to the audio ⋅ watch the video ⋅ read the article) I introduced a radical idea.

When we’re applying a rule to a graph in Wolfram Physics, there are generally many possible places in the graph we could apply the rule, giving us many possible next states of the universe.

Here’s the radical idea: rather than choose one of these possible universes, we choose not to choose. Instead, we keep each of them in mind.

The trouble is, if we choose not to choose, the number of possible universes we have to keep in mind gets extremely large extremely quickly.

To help us visualize all these possible universes, we’re going to need the multiway graph
.

It’s a crucial idea in Wolfram Physics.

The multiway graph will allow us to derive aspects of quantum mechanics from Wolfram Physics.

It’ll lead us to a concept of the observer that promises to resolve issues related to the collapse of the wavefunction that have plagued quantum mechanics ever since Schrödinger put his metaphorical cat into a metaphorical cage.

And maybe, just maybe, it’ll lead us to a model of consciousness itself.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In Episode 15: Where to apply Wolfram’s rules? (listen to the audio ⋅ watch the video ⋅ read the article) I introduced a radical idea.

When we’re applying a rule to a graph in Wolfram Physics, there are generally many possible places in the graph we could apply the rule, giving us many possible next states of the universe.

Here’s the radical idea: rather than choose one of these possible universes, we choose not to choose. Instead, we keep each of them in mind.

The trouble is, if we choose not to choose, the number of possible universes we have to keep in mind gets extremely large extremely quickly.

To help us visualize all these possible universes, we’re going to need the multiway graph
.

It’s a crucial idea in Wolfram Physics.

The multiway graph will allow us to derive aspects of quantum mechanics from Wolfram Physics.

It’ll lead us to a concept of the observer that promises to resolve issues related to the collapse of the wavefunction that have plagued quantum mechanics ever since Schrödinger put his metaphorical cat into a metaphorical cage.

And maybe, just maybe, it’ll lead us to a model of consciousness itself.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 01 Dec 2022 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 750 When we’re applying a rule to a graph in Wolfram Physics, instead of choosing one of the possible places we might apply the rule, we can choose not to choose. The multiway graph helps us visualize all the possible universes we have to keep in mind as a result of such a refusal to choose. It'll also lead us towards quantum mechanics, the concept of the observer and even an explanation of consciousness itself. When we’re applying a rule to a graph in Wolfram Physics, instead of choosing one of the possible places we might apply the rule, we can choose not to choose. The multiway graph helps us visualize all the possible universes we have to keep in mind as a re wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No From clockwork to computation in Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard 22 22 From clockwork to computation in Wolfram Physics with Jonathan Gorard full 3bbf5d26-ad14-4ad8-bf22-e46fdb33720f https://lasttheory.com/podcast/022-from-clockwork-to-computation This is the second of a series of excerpts from my recent conversation with Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of The Wolfram Physics Project.

I asked Jonathan why he found the computational approach to physics so compelling.

In his answer, he broached a wide range of fascinating topics in the philosophy of science:

  • how we moved from a clockwork paradigm in the age of clockwork to a computational paradigm in the age of computation;
  • how saying that the universe is computational is different from saying that the universe is a computer;
  • how our adoption of mathematics as the basis for physics has biased us to think of space-time as continuous;
  • how the history of science might have been different had Turing been born before Newton;
  • how the Wolfram Model can be thought of as a way of building a constructivist foundation for physics.

This led us to discuss a couple of the deeper questions of Wolfram Physics:

  • is it possible to know whether the universe is continuous or discrete?
  • does the hypergraph really exist?

—


Jonathan Gorard


People and Concepts mentioned by Jonathan








—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> This is the second of a series of excerpts from my recent conversation with Jonathan Gorard, who was instrumental in the founding of The Wolfram Physics Project.

I asked Jonathan why he found the computational approach to physics so compelling.

In his answer, he broached a wide range of fascinating topics in the philosophy of science:

  • how we moved from a clockwork paradigm in the age of clockwork to a computational paradigm in the age of computation;
  • how saying that the universe is computational is different from saying that the universe is a computer;
  • how our adoption of mathematics as the basis for physics has biased us to think of space-time as continuous;
  • how the history of science might have been different had Turing been born before Newton;
  • how the Wolfram Model can be thought of as a way of building a constructivist foundation for physics.

This led us to discuss a couple of the deeper questions of Wolfram Physics:

  • is it possible to know whether the universe is continuous or discrete?
  • does the hypergraph really exist?

—


Jonathan Gorard


People and Concepts mentioned by Jonathan








—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 17 Nov 2022 10:30:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 636 Jonathan Gorard reveals why he found the computational approach to physics so compelling that he goaded Stephen Wolfram into founding The Wolfram Physics Project. He broaches a wide range of fascinating topics in the philosophy of science. Jonathan Gorard reveals why he found the computational approach to physics so compelling that he goaded Stephen Wolfram into founding The Wolfram Physics Project. He broaches a wide range of fascinating topics in the philosophy of science. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why I don’t like String Theory 21 21 Why I don’t like String Theory full 3100ae6e-3bf0-4cf6-b28e-421a14201187 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/021-why-i-do-not-like-string-theory In my conversation with Jonathan Gorard about the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, I said that I don’t like String Theory.

Now, I’ll admit, I don’t really understand String Theory.

It’s highly mathematical. And I’m not much of a mathematician. Actually, that’s an understatement. I’m not a mathematician at all.

So if there’s a problem in the relationship between String Theory and me, it might not be String Theory, it might be me.

Sadly, admitting that I might be part of the problem doesn’t change anything between us. I still don’t like String Theory.

Here’s why.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In my conversation with Jonathan Gorard about the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, I said that I don’t like String Theory.

Now, I’ll admit, I don’t really understand String Theory.

It’s highly mathematical. And I’m not much of a mathematician. Actually, that’s an understatement. I’m not a mathematician at all.

So if there’s a problem in the relationship between String Theory and me, it might not be String Theory, it might be me.

Sadly, admitting that I might be part of the problem doesn’t change anything between us. I still don’t like String Theory.

Here’s why.

–

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 10 Nov 2022 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 327 In my conversation with Jonathan Gorard about the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, I said that I don't like String Theory. Here's why. In my conversation with Jonathan Gorard about the founding of the Wolfram Physics Project, I said that I don't like String Theory. Here's why. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No The founding of the Wolfram Physics Project with Jonathan Gorard 20 20 The founding of the Wolfram Physics Project with Jonathan Gorard full 236d6f84-5632-4208-8f50-3a15a5df15c9 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/020-the-founding-of-the-wolfram-physics-project In 2019, Jonathan Gorard and Max Piskunov goaded Stephen Wolfram into pursuing his ideas for a new kind of science.

This led to the announcement of The Wolfram Physics Project in 2020.

Last week, I talked to Jonathan Gorard about the revolutionary ideas that have come out of the project.

In this first excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan talks about his instrumental role in the founding of The Wolfram Physics Project.

We cover why the time was right in 2020... and why it had been wrong in 2002 when Stephen Wolfram published his book A New Kind of Science.

We talk about how Wolfram Physics might take over from string theory, why Jonathan likes string theory... and why he doesn’t.

It was a true pleasure to talk to Jonathan about what might prove a pivotal moment in the history of science.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People and Projects

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


Images

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In 2019, Jonathan Gorard and Max Piskunov goaded Stephen Wolfram into pursuing his ideas for a new kind of science.

This led to the announcement of The Wolfram Physics Project in 2020.

Last week, I talked to Jonathan Gorard about the revolutionary ideas that have come out of the project.

In this first excerpt from our conversation, Jonathan talks about his instrumental role in the founding of The Wolfram Physics Project.

We cover why the time was right in 2020... and why it had been wrong in 2002 when Stephen Wolfram published his book A New Kind of Science.

We talk about how Wolfram Physics might take over from string theory, why Jonathan likes string theory... and why he doesn’t.

It was a true pleasure to talk to Jonathan about what might prove a pivotal moment in the history of science.

—


Jonathan Gorard

People and Projects

Concepts mentioned by Jonathan

—


Images

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 03 Nov 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 870 In 2019, Jonathan Gorard helped goad Stephen Wolfram into launching The Wolfram Physics Project. Last week, I talked to Jonathan about the revolutionary ideas that have come out of the project, at what might prove a pivotal moment in the history of science. In 2019, Jonathan Gorard helped goad Stephen Wolfram into launching The Wolfram Physics Project. Last week, I talked to Jonathan about the revolutionary ideas that have come out of the project, at what might prove a pivotal moment in the history of scienc wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Hypergraphs are everywhere 19 19 Hypergraphs are everywhere full 59315074-0cc5-48c8-b0fa-4d6a5afdcef8 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/019-hypergraphs-are-everywhere Wolfram Physics models the universe as a hypergraph.

Maybe I’m just seeing things, but it seems to me that hypergraphs are everywhere: physics, chemistry, biology, neurology, ecology, sociology, technology.

What I want to know is:

Why?

Why are hypergraphs everywhere?

—


Molecular structure Styrene-butadiene chain2 by Guido Raos, professor of chemistry, Politecnico di Milano, Italy licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0


Metabolic pathway BRENDA pyrimidine metabolism by BRENDA – The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System licensed under CC BY 4.0


Brain image Neurons & glia by The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) licensed under CC BY 2.0


Pelagic food web An in situ perspective of a deep pelagic food web by C. Anela Choy, Steven H. D. Haddock and Bruce H. Robison licensed under CC BY 4.0


Social graph Partitions in my social graph by Matt Biddulph licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0


Internet map Internet map by Matt Britt licensed under CC BY 2.5


Feynman diagram Paarbildung by Ivan Baev licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Wolfram Physics models the universe as a hypergraph.

Maybe I’m just seeing things, but it seems to me that hypergraphs are everywhere: physics, chemistry, biology, neurology, ecology, sociology, technology.

What I want to know is:

Why?

Why are hypergraphs everywhere?

—


Molecular structure Styrene-butadiene chain2 by Guido Raos, professor of chemistry, Politecnico di Milano, Italy licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0


Metabolic pathway BRENDA pyrimidine metabolism by BRENDA – The Comprehensive Enzyme Information System licensed under CC BY 4.0


Brain image Neurons & glia by The Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) licensed under CC BY 2.0


Pelagic food web An in situ perspective of a deep pelagic food web by C. Anela Choy, Steven H. D. Haddock and Bruce H. Robison licensed under CC BY 4.0


Social graph Partitions in my social graph by Matt Biddulph licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0


Internet map Internet map by Matt Britt licensed under CC BY 2.5


Feynman diagram Paarbildung by Ivan Baev licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 27 Oct 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 525 Wolfram Physics models the universe as a hypergraph. Maybe I'm just seeing things, but it seems to me that hypergraphs are everywhere: physics, chemistry, biology, neurology, ecology, sociology, technology. What I want to know is: Why? Why are hypergraphs everywhere? Wolfram Physics models the universe as a hypergraph. Maybe I'm just seeing things, but it seems to me that hypergraphs are everywhere: physics, chemistry, biology, neurology, ecology, sociology, technology. What I want to know is: Why? Why are hypergraphs wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How big is the computer that runs the universe? 18 18 How big is the computer that runs the universe? full 564b16cb-5d0f-46d5-8c1d-2b4bbf026714 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/018-how-big-is-the-computer-that-runs-the-universe As you’ll know from Episode 8: Where’s the computer that runs the universe? ( read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch ), I have my doubts about the existence of a computer that’s whirring away, applying Wolfram’s rules to Wolfram’s graphs, performing the computations required to run our universe.

This computer, if it exists, is necessarily invisible to us, and as I warned in Episode 12: Beware invisible things ( read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch ) we should be wary of what we can’t see.

Still, I want to revisit this idea of a computer that runs the universe.

I want to come at it from a slightly different direction.

Rather than adopt the stance of the monkey with its hands over its eyes and insist that if I can’t see it, it’s not there, let’s suppose that there is a computer that runs the universe and ask a simple question:

How big would it have to be?


—


Other episodes I mention:

  • Episode 8: Where’s the computer that runs the universe? – read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch
  • Episode 12: Beware invisible things – read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch
  • Episode 15: Where to apply Wolfram’s rules? – read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> As you’ll know from Episode 8: Where’s the computer that runs the universe? ( read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch ), I have my doubts about the existence of a computer that’s whirring away, applying Wolfram’s rules to Wolfram’s graphs, performing the computations required to run our universe.

This computer, if it exists, is necessarily invisible to us, and as I warned in Episode 12: Beware invisible things ( read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch ) we should be wary of what we can’t see.

Still, I want to revisit this idea of a computer that runs the universe.

I want to come at it from a slightly different direction.

Rather than adopt the stance of the monkey with its hands over its eyes and insist that if I can’t see it, it’s not there, let’s suppose that there is a computer that runs the universe and ask a simple question:

How big would it have to be?


—


Other episodes I mention:

  • Episode 8: Where’s the computer that runs the universe? – read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch
  • Episode 12: Beware invisible things – read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch
  • Episode 15: Where to apply Wolfram’s rules? – read ⋅ listen ⋅ watch

—

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 13 Oct 2022 10:15:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 987 I have my doubts about the existence of a computer that’s whirring away, applying Wolfram’s rules to Wolfram’s graphs, performing the computations required to run our universe. But let's suppose that it does exist and ask a simple question: How big would it have to be? I have my doubts about the existence of a computer that’s whirring away, applying Wolfram’s rules to Wolfram’s graphs, performing the computations required to run our universe. But let's suppose that it does exist and ask a simple question: How big would wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Unary, binary, ternary, k-ary hyperedges in Wolfram Physics 17 17 Unary, binary, ternary, k-ary hyperedges in Wolfram Physics full a2c0a57a-df7f-49b0-a50c-01c0d9d4008e https://lasttheory.com/podcast/017-unary-binary-ternary-k-ary-hyperedges-in-wolfram-physics Here are answers to some fundamental questions about hypergraphs:

A hyperedge can connect any number of nodes: one, two, three, four, seventeen or any other number.

And a hypergraph can include any of these different kinds of hyperedge, or all of them.

Let’s take a look at what this means for Wolfram Physics... and at some of the beautiful hypergraphs it allows us to generate!

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Here are answers to some fundamental questions about hypergraphs:

A hyperedge can connect any number of nodes: one, two, three, four, seventeen or any other number.

And a hypergraph can include any of these different kinds of hyperedge, or all of them.

Let’s take a look at what this means for Wolfram Physics... and at some of the beautiful hypergraphs it allows us to generate!

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 29 Sep 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 584 Here are answers to some fundamental questions about hypergraphs: a hyperedge can connect any number of nodes, and a hypergraph can include any of these different kinds of hyperedge. Let's take a look at what this means for Wolfram Physics... and at some of the beautiful hypergraphs it allows us to generate! Here are answers to some fundamental questions about hypergraphs: a hyperedge can connect any number of nodes, and a hypergraph can include any of these different kinds of hyperedge. Let's take a look at what this means for Wolfram Physics... and at some wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is a hypergraph in Wolfram Physics? 16 16 What is a hypergraph in Wolfram Physics? full 0d9e3e71-a56d-409c-a75a-4986282d43d8 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/016-what-is-a-hypergraph-in-wolfram-physics In previous episodes, I’ve been simulating Wolfram Physics using graphs.

But you may have come across simulations of Wolfram Physics using hypergraphs.

What’s the difference?

What is a hypergraph?

—


This epsiode refers to previous episodes on dimensionality:

and previous episodes on space:

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In previous episodes, I’ve been simulating Wolfram Physics using graphs.

But you may have come across simulations of Wolfram Physics using hypergraphs.

What’s the difference?

What is a hypergraph?

—


This epsiode refers to previous episodes on dimensionality:

and previous episodes on space:

—


I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 15 Sep 2022 11:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 725 So far, I've been simulating Wolfram Physics using graphs. But you may have come across simulations of Wolfram Physics using hypergraphs. What's the difference? What is a hypergraph? So far, I've been simulating Wolfram Physics using graphs. But you may have come across simulations of Wolfram Physics using hypergraphs. What's the difference? What is a hypergraph? wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Where to apply Wolfram's rules? 15 15 Where to apply Wolfram's rules? full a31a250b-4756-4574-936d-bd854428432c https://lasttheory.com/podcast/015-where-to-apply-wolframs-rules Confession time: I haven’t been entirely honest with you about applying a rule to a graph in Wolfram Physics.

I’ve explained precisely how to apply a rule, but I’ve been strangely silent when it comes to where to apply the rule.

I know, it’s unlike me to be silent, right?

Time to come clean.

It turns out that the question of where to apply Wolfram’s rules is not as easily answered as you might think.

This seemingly straightforward question will take us into the philosophy of time, causality, consciousness, contingency and determinism.

And it’ll lead us towards some of the most important concepts in Wolfram Physics: the multiway graph, branchial space and causal invariance.

Check your breathing apparatus: we’re going deep.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Confession time: I haven’t been entirely honest with you about applying a rule to a graph in Wolfram Physics.

I’ve explained precisely how to apply a rule, but I’ve been strangely silent when it comes to where to apply the rule.

I know, it’s unlike me to be silent, right?

Time to come clean.

It turns out that the question of where to apply Wolfram’s rules is not as easily answered as you might think.

This seemingly straightforward question will take us into the philosophy of time, causality, consciousness, contingency and determinism.

And it’ll lead us towards some of the most important concepts in Wolfram Physics: the multiway graph, branchial space and causal invariance.

Check your breathing apparatus: we’re going deep.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Fri, 02 Sep 2022 00:55:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 777 The question of where to apply Wolfram's rules is not as easily answered as you might think. This seemingly straightforward question will take us into the philosophy of time, causality, consciousness, contingency and determinism. And it'll lead us towards some of the most important concepts in Wolfram Physics: the multiway graph, branchial space and causal invariance. The question of where to apply Wolfram's rules is not as easily answered as you might think. This seemingly straightforward question will take us into the philosophy of time, causality, consciousness, contingency and determinism. And it'll lead us towards wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Space-time is dead 14 14 Space-time is dead full 4b42ebc0-64c2-4400-aa40-9bc0f63b91a4 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/014-space-time-is-dead In his General Theory of Relativity, Einstein combined the three dimensions of space with the one dimension of time in what we now know as Einstein’s equations.

Ever since, physicists have thought of space and time as effectively the same thing: components of four-dimensional space-time.

This might be the biggest blunder physicists have ever made.

Stephen Wolfram, on page 22 of his book A project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics, calls it the “one ‘wrong turn’ in the history of physics in the past century”.

Space-time is dead.

Here’s why... and how physicists got it so wrong for so long.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In his General Theory of Relativity, Einstein combined the three dimensions of space with the one dimension of time in what we now know as Einstein’s equations.

Ever since, physicists have thought of space and time as effectively the same thing: components of four-dimensional space-time.

This might be the biggest blunder physicists have ever made.

Stephen Wolfram, on page 22 of his book A project to find the Fundamental Theory of Physics, calls it the “one ‘wrong turn’ in the history of physics in the past century”.

Space-time is dead.

Here’s why... and how physicists got it so wrong for so long.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 04 Aug 2022 11:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 738 Thinking of space and time as effectively the same thing might be the biggest blunder physicists have ever made. Stephen Wolfram calls it the 'one wrong turn in the history of physics in the past century'. Space-time is dead. Here's why... and how physicists got it so wrong for so long. Thinking of space and time as effectively the same thing might be the biggest blunder physicists have ever made. Stephen Wolfram calls it the 'one wrong turn in the history of physics in the past century'. Space-time is dead. Here's why... and how physici wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Is space continuous or discrete? 13 13 Is space continuous or discrete? full 34215d7d-d81c-4f56-8458-d497036dba9a https://lasttheory.com/podcast/013-is-space-continuous-or-discrete We’re used to thinking of space as continuous.

A stone can be anywhere in space. It can be here. Or it can be an inch to the left. Or it can be half an inch further to the left. Or it can be an infinitesimal fraction of an inch even further to the left. Space is infinitely divisible.

The graphs of Wolfram Physics, however, are discrete.

If, as Stephen Wolfram proposes, the universe is a graph, then you can’t be just anywhere in space. It makes sense to think about a node of the graph as a position in space. It makes no sense to think about anywhere in between the nodes as positions in space. This space is not infinitely divisible.

It’s as if a stone could be here in space, or here in space, but nowhere in between.

So which is it?

Has every physicist from Leucippus to Einstein been right to insist that space is continuous?

Or is Wolfram right to up-end millennia of settled science and insist that space is discrete?

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> We’re used to thinking of space as continuous.

A stone can be anywhere in space. It can be here. Or it can be an inch to the left. Or it can be half an inch further to the left. Or it can be an infinitesimal fraction of an inch even further to the left. Space is infinitely divisible.

The graphs of Wolfram Physics, however, are discrete.

If, as Stephen Wolfram proposes, the universe is a graph, then you can’t be just anywhere in space. It makes sense to think about a node of the graph as a position in space. It makes no sense to think about anywhere in between the nodes as positions in space. This space is not infinitely divisible.

It’s as if a stone could be here in space, or here in space, but nowhere in between.

So which is it?

Has every physicist from Leucippus to Einstein been right to insist that space is continuous?

Or is Wolfram right to up-end millennia of settled science and insist that space is discrete?

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 21 Jul 2022 10:46:59 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 546 Has every physicist from Leucippus to Einstein been right to insist that space is continuous? Or is Wolfram right to up-end millennia of settled science and insist that space is discrete? Has every physicist from Leucippus to Einstein been right to insist that space is continuous? Or is Wolfram right to up-end millennia of settled science and insist that space is discrete? wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Beware invisible things 12 12 Beware invisible things full 9bd6dadb-d433-4385-9693-a8b8a9afbc92 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/012-beware-invisible-things We humans have always been fond of invisible things.

Poltergeists, fairies, unicorns, the Yeti, the Lost City of Atlantis.

Just because you can’t see them, it doesn’t mean they aren’t there.

Scientists, no less than any other humans, suffer from this fondness for invisible things.

Phlogiston, miasma, ether, strings.

Just because you can’t see them, scientists have insisted, it doesn’t mean they aren’t there.

Beware these invisible things.

As I explore Wolfram Physics, I’m aware of certain invisible things that we believe in now, but we’re going to have to let go, if Stephen Wolfram is right.

And I’m also aware of the temptation to replace this old set of invisible things with a new set of invisible things.

Here’s why we’d do well to resist.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> We humans have always been fond of invisible things.

Poltergeists, fairies, unicorns, the Yeti, the Lost City of Atlantis.

Just because you can’t see them, it doesn’t mean they aren’t there.

Scientists, no less than any other humans, suffer from this fondness for invisible things.

Phlogiston, miasma, ether, strings.

Just because you can’t see them, scientists have insisted, it doesn’t mean they aren’t there.

Beware these invisible things.

As I explore Wolfram Physics, I’m aware of certain invisible things that we believe in now, but we’re going to have to let go, if Stephen Wolfram is right.

And I’m also aware of the temptation to replace this old set of invisible things with a new set of invisible things.

Here’s why we’d do well to resist.

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 07 Jul 2022 10:01:45 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 644 As I explore Wolfram Physics, I'm aware of certain invisible things that we believe in now, but we're going to have to let go, if Stephen Wolfram is right. And I'm also aware of the temptation to replace this old set of invisible things with a new set of invisible things. Here's why we'd do well to resist. As I explore Wolfram Physics, I'm aware of certain invisible things that we believe in now, but we're going to have to let go, if Stephen Wolfram is right. And I'm also aware of the temptation to replace this old set of invisible things with a new set of wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What are dimensions in Wolfram’s universe? 11 11 What are dimensions in Wolfram’s universe? full ea022a6f-1609-435e-8869-9edbdaba7d96 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/011-what-are-dimensions-in-wolframs-universe We know what it means when we say that our universe is three-dimensional: it means that we can move in three orthogonal directions: left-right; up-down; forwards-backwards.

But what would it mean to say that a universe is 2½-dimensional?

Or 3.37-dimensional?


Or 9-dimensional?


When I measured the dimensionality one of Wolfram’s graphs, I found it to be at least 3.37-dimensional.


If Stephen Wolfram is right, then our universe might not be uniformly three-dimensional.


So maybe dimensionality isn’t quite what we think it is.


What, exactly, are dimensions?

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> We know what it means when we say that our universe is three-dimensional: it means that we can move in three orthogonal directions: left-right; up-down; forwards-backwards.

But what would it mean to say that a universe is 2½-dimensional?

Or 3.37-dimensional?


Or 9-dimensional?


When I measured the dimensionality one of Wolfram’s graphs, I found it to be at least 3.37-dimensional.


If Stephen Wolfram is right, then our universe might not be uniformly three-dimensional.


So maybe dimensionality isn’t quite what we think it is.


What, exactly, are dimensions?

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 09 Jun 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 699 If Stephen Wolfram is right, then our universe might not be uniformly three-dimensional. So maybe dimensionality isn't quite what we think it is. What, exactly, are dimensions? If Stephen Wolfram is right, then our universe might not be uniformly three-dimensional. So maybe dimensionality isn't quite what we think it is. What, exactly, are dimensions? wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Are Wolfram’s graphs three‑dimensional? 10 10 Are Wolfram’s graphs three‑dimensional? full aab459fd-a513-415f-ade1-3e19f0ebebb1 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/010-are-wolframs-graphs-three-dimensional Are Wolfram’s graphs three-dimensional?

In Episode #009: How to measure the dimensionality of the universe – watch the video or read the article – I introduced a mathematically-minded crab, which was able to determine the dimensionality of its universe by measuring how much space it covered moving different distances in every possible direction.

Now I’m going to use the same crabby method to determine the dimensionality of graphs generated by Wolfram Physics.

I’m finally going to answer the question: how many dimensions are there in one of Wolfram’s universes?

And the answer’s going to be unexpected.

Here’s a hint: it’s not two and it’s not three.

Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Are Wolfram’s graphs three-dimensional?

In Episode #009: How to measure the dimensionality of the universe – watch the video or read the article – I introduced a mathematically-minded crab, which was able to determine the dimensionality of its universe by measuring how much space it covered moving different distances in every possible direction.

Now I’m going to use the same crabby method to determine the dimensionality of graphs generated by Wolfram Physics.

I’m finally going to answer the question: how many dimensions are there in one of Wolfram’s universes?

And the answer’s going to be unexpected.

Here’s a hint: it’s not two and it’s not three.

Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 26 May 2022 09:58:59 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 888 How many dimensions are there in graphs generated by Wolfram Physics? Today I'm going to answer the question. And the answer's going to be unexpected. Here's a hint: it's not two and it's not three. How many dimensions are there in graphs generated by Wolfram Physics? Today I'm going to answer the question. And the answer's going to be unexpected. Here's a hint: it's not two and it's not three. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No How to measure the dimensionality of the universe 9 9 How to measure the dimensionality of the universe full efb59ac5-d183-4aaa-b076-3c9b2bc226e4 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/009-how-to-measure-the-dimensionality-of-the-universe Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio.

In Episode #007: The expanse: dimension, separation & explosion – watch the video or read the article – I argued that the graphs of Wolfram Physics are going to have to be three-dimensional to be a true representation of our universe.

But how can we tell whether these graphs are three-dimensional? Many of them are so convoluted that it’s difficult to tell whether they’re two-dimensional, three-dimensional or somewhere in between.

I’m going to make the question even more difficult. We’ve been looking at graphs from the outside, from a God’s-eye view.

In reality, though, we’re not outside the graph. Remember, we’re hoping that the graphs of Wolfram Physics will prove to be a true representation of our universe, and we can’t be outside our own universe.

How could we tell whether a graph is two-dimensional, or three-dimensional, or even two-and-a-half-dimensional, from inside the graph?

How would we measure the dimensionality of our own universe?

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio.

In Episode #007: The expanse: dimension, separation & explosion – watch the video or read the article – I argued that the graphs of Wolfram Physics are going to have to be three-dimensional to be a true representation of our universe.

But how can we tell whether these graphs are three-dimensional? Many of them are so convoluted that it’s difficult to tell whether they’re two-dimensional, three-dimensional or somewhere in between.

I’m going to make the question even more difficult. We’ve been looking at graphs from the outside, from a God’s-eye view.

In reality, though, we’re not outside the graph. Remember, we’re hoping that the graphs of Wolfram Physics will prove to be a true representation of our universe, and we can’t be outside our own universe.

How could we tell whether a graph is two-dimensional, or three-dimensional, or even two-and-a-half-dimensional, from inside the graph?

How would we measure the dimensionality of our own universe?

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 12 May 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 585 The graphs of Wolfram Physics are going to have to be three-dimensional to be a true representation of our universe. But how can we tell whether these graphs are three-dimensional? How would we measure the dimensionality of our own universe? The graphs of Wolfram Physics are going to have to be three-dimensional to be a true representation of our universe. But how can we tell whether these graphs are three-dimensional? How would we measure the dimensionality of our own universe? wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Where’s the computer that runs the universe? 8 8 Where’s the computer that runs the universe? full 24cf1948-9696-4846-b5c6-cedad63a2db7 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/008-where-is-the-computer-that-runs-the-universe I’ve been running simulations of our universe, according to Stephen Wolfram’s computational theory of physics.

Where’s the computer that runs these simulations?

Well, it’s right here. This a low-powered laptop in my hand is literally the computer that runs these universes.

It’s natural to ask a follow-up question.


If Wolfram’s right and the real universe evolves computationally in the same way as these simulated universes, where’s the computer that runs the universe?

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> I’ve been running simulations of our universe, according to Stephen Wolfram’s computational theory of physics.

Where’s the computer that runs these simulations?

Well, it’s right here. This a low-powered laptop in my hand is literally the computer that runs these universes.

It’s natural to ask a follow-up question.


If Wolfram’s right and the real universe evolves computationally in the same way as these simulated universes, where’s the computer that runs the universe?

I release The Last Theory as a video too! Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 28 Apr 2022 10:03:11 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 709 I've been running simulations of our universe, according to Stephen Wolfram's computational theory of physics, on my low-powered laptop. If Wolfram's right and the real universe evolves computationally in the same way as these simulated universes, where's the computer that runs the universe? I've been running simulations of our universe, according to Stephen Wolfram's computational theory of physics, on my low-powered laptop. If Wolfram's right and the real universe evolves computationally in the same way as these simulated universes, where's wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No The expanse: dimension, separation & explosion 7 7 The expanse: dimension, separation & explosion full c4ccf6db-b33c-4444-8fd3-8fde39f20feb https://lasttheory.com/podcast/007-the-expanse-dimension-separation-and-explosion In the last episode, I introduced two fundamental characteristics of space: position and distance.

Today, I’m going to introduce three more characteristics of space: dimension, separation & explosion.

If it’s to be a viable theory of physics, Wolfram Physics has to accurately model space as we know it, including all five of these characteristics.

Let’s see how it measures up.

—


Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so you might prefer to read the article, or watch the video, where they’re animated.

In the episode, I refer back to Episode #006: What is space? the where and the how far. Again, I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio for that episode, since you’ll want to see the visuals!

Doppler siren by jobro reproduced under CC BY 3.0

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> In the last episode, I introduced two fundamental characteristics of space: position and distance.

Today, I’m going to introduce three more characteristics of space: dimension, separation & explosion.

If it’s to be a viable theory of physics, Wolfram Physics has to accurately model space as we know it, including all five of these characteristics.

Let’s see how it measures up.

—


Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so you might prefer to read the article, or watch the video, where they’re animated.

In the episode, I refer back to Episode #006: What is space? the where and the how far. Again, I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio for that episode, since you’ll want to see the visuals!

Doppler siren by jobro reproduced under CC BY 3.0

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 14 Apr 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 579 If it's to be a viable theory of physics, Wolfram Physics has to accurately model space as we know it, including these fundamental characteristics: position, distance, dimension, separation & explosion. Let's see how it measures up. If it's to be a viable theory of physics, Wolfram Physics has to accurately model space as we know it, including these fundamental characteristics: position, distance, dimension, separation & explosion. Let's see how it measures up. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is space? the where and the how far 6 6 What is space? the where and the how far full 8640c1bf-0cd2-406c-95ed-728cac425c87 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/006-what-is-space-the-where-and-the-how-far What is space in Wolfram Physics?

I’ve talked about the basic concepts of Wolfram Physics: nodes, edges, graphs & rules.

I just threw these concepts out there. No explanation. No rhyme, no reason. Nodes, edges, graphs & rules. Take them or leave them.

Naturally, this raised a few questions in some people’s minds.

These questions can be summed up as follows:

Wait... What? Nodes, edges, graphs & rules? Why?

This a deep question.

Let’s get into it.

—

This episode includes a few visuals, so you might prefer to read the article or watch the video.

In this episode, I refer back to Episode #004: Different rules, different universes. This one, too, includes a lot of visuals, so again, I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio for that episode.

I also refer to a Polynesian stick chart. You can find it here: Micronesian navigational chart.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> What is space in Wolfram Physics?

I’ve talked about the basic concepts of Wolfram Physics: nodes, edges, graphs & rules.

I just threw these concepts out there. No explanation. No rhyme, no reason. Nodes, edges, graphs & rules. Take them or leave them.

Naturally, this raised a few questions in some people’s minds.

These questions can be summed up as follows:

Wait... What? Nodes, edges, graphs & rules? Why?

This a deep question.

Let’s get into it.

—

This episode includes a few visuals, so you might prefer to read the article or watch the video.

In this episode, I refer back to Episode #004: Different rules, different universes. This one, too, includes a lot of visuals, so again, I recommend you watch the video or read the article rather than listen to the audio for that episode.

I also refer to a Polynesian stick chart. You can find it here: Micronesian navigational chart.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 31 Mar 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 592 What does our universe look like? Let's start with space. By considering the most fundamental characteristics of space, we can see how the nodes, edges, graphs & rules of Wolfram Physics might accurately represent the world as we know it. What does our universe look like? Let's start with space. By considering the most fundamental characteristics of space, we can see how the nodes, edges, graphs & rules of Wolfram Physics might accurately represent the world as we know it. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No What is physics? the how and the why 5 5 What is physics? the how and the why full 465fd7cd-83a9-4f16-bfb2-60add0fae981 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/005-what-is-physics-the-how-and-the-why I like being asked questions about Wolfram Physics.

When I try to answer them, though, I often find myself trapped in an infinite regress.

To address a question about Wolfram Physics, I might first need to address another, more fundamental question, about physics.

And to address that question, I might first need to address another, more fundamental question, than might be more philosophy than physics.

Today, I’m going to go to one of those deep questions that need to be asked, if not answered, before I can begin to address many of the questions I’ve been asked about Wolfram Physics.

What is physics?

Prefer to watch the video? Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> I like being asked questions about Wolfram Physics.

When I try to answer them, though, I often find myself trapped in an infinite regress.

To address a question about Wolfram Physics, I might first need to address another, more fundamental question, about physics.

And to address that question, I might first need to address another, more fundamental question, than might be more philosophy than physics.

Today, I’m going to go to one of those deep questions that need to be asked, if not answered, before I can begin to address many of the questions I’ve been asked about Wolfram Physics.

What is physics?

Prefer to watch the video? Watch here.

The full article is here.

Kootenay Village Ventures Inc.

]]> Thu, 17 Mar 2022 10:00:00 -0700 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 619 I pick up a stone. I hold it in my hand, my palm over the stone, my fingers curled underneath. I let go. The stone falls. Why? This one-word question takes us to the heart of what physics is. And, perhaps more importantly, what physics isn't. I pick up a stone. I hold it in my hand, my palm over the stone, my fingers curled underneath. I let go. The stone falls. Why? This one-word question takes us to the heart of what physics is. And, perhaps more importantly, what physics isn't. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Different rules, different universes 4 4 Different rules, different universes full f550da95-5a62-496c-a20c-733327ac675d https://lasttheory.com/podcast/004-different-rules-different-universes It’s all about the animations.

I’ve been coding coding coding the few weeks to develop my simulations of Wolfram Physics.

So now I’m able to explore a number of simple rules and ask a number of simple questions.

What different rules could be applied to our universe?

What different universes would arise from these rules?

Today, I explore different rules, different universes.

Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so you might prefer to read the article, or watch the video, where they’re fully animated.

If you missed Episode #002, Nodes, edges, graphs & rules: the basic concepts of Wolfram Physics, you can find the article here and the video here.

]]> It’s all about the animations.

I’ve been coding coding coding the few weeks to develop my simulations of Wolfram Physics.

So now I’m able to explore a number of simple rules and ask a number of simple questions.

What different rules could be applied to our universe?

What different universes would arise from these rules?

Today, I explore different rules, different universes.

Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals, so you might prefer to read the article, or watch the video, where they’re fully animated.

If you missed Episode #002, Nodes, edges, graphs & rules: the basic concepts of Wolfram Physics, you can find the article here and the video here.

]]> Thu, 03 Mar 2022 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 1205 When I applied a simple rule to a simple universe in episode 2, it quickly evolved into a surprisingly complex universe. But why that particular rule? Why not some other rule? What other rules could be applied to a universe? And what other universes would arise from these other rules? When I applied a simple rule to a simple universe in episode 2, it quickly evolved into a surprisingly complex universe. But why that particular rule? Why not some other rule? What other rules could be applied to a universe? And what other universes would wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why you’ve never heard of Wolfram Physics 3 3 Why you’ve never heard of Wolfram Physics full 44975b0a-517a-419e-9fa2-fe1d944dcfea https://lasttheory.com/podcast/003-why-you-have-never-heard-of-wolfram-physics Wolfram Physics might be the most fundamental scientific breakthrough in your lifetime.

And yet you’ve probably never heard of it.

Here’s why.


—


Albert Einstein’s 1905 papers


Stephen Wolfram’s project to find the fundamental theory of physics


Stephen Wolfram’s 2020 announcement


There are maybe half a million physicists in the world

—

Prefer to watch the video? Watch here

The full article is here

]]> Wolfram Physics might be the most fundamental scientific breakthrough in your lifetime.

And yet you’ve probably never heard of it.

Here’s why.


—


Albert Einstein’s 1905 papers


Stephen Wolfram’s project to find the fundamental theory of physics


Stephen Wolfram’s 2020 announcement


There are maybe half a million physicists in the world

—

Prefer to watch the video? Watch here

The full article is here

]]> Thu, 17 Feb 2022 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 486 Wolfram Physics might be the most fundamental scientific breakthrough in your lifetime. And yet you've probably never heard of it. Here's why. Wolfram Physics might be the most fundamental scientific breakthrough in your lifetime. And yet you've probably never heard of it. Here's why. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Nodes, edges, graphs & rules: the basic concepts of Wolfram Physics 2 2 Nodes, edges, graphs & rules: the basic concepts of Wolfram Physics full 6955d7cc-dad6-4897-a6e4-9f90027d615c https://lasttheory.com/podcast/002-nodes-edges-graphs-rules-the-basic-concepts-of-wolfram-physics Are you ready?

Today, I’m going to dive right into Wolfram Physics.

If you’ve never heard of Stephen Wolfram or his team’s project to find the fundamental theory of physics, don’t worry.

Think of it like this: I’m going to dive right into the fundamental structure of the universe.

And, well, you might not believe that the words “simple” and “physics” can go together, but I’m going to keep it simple.

Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals.

You can find them in the article, or you might want to switch to watching the video, where they’re fully animated.

]]> Are you ready?

Today, I’m going to dive right into Wolfram Physics.

If you’ve never heard of Stephen Wolfram or his team’s project to find the fundamental theory of physics, don’t worry.

Think of it like this: I’m going to dive right into the fundamental structure of the universe.

And, well, you might not believe that the words “simple” and “physics” can go together, but I’m going to keep it simple.

Today’s episode includes a lot of visuals.

You can find them in the article, or you might want to switch to watching the video, where they’re fully animated.

]]> Thu, 03 Feb 2022 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 526 According to Wolfram Physics, the universe is a graph. Not the kind of graph that plots y against x. More like a network, consisting of points, called nodes, connected by lines, called edges. Here's my simple explanation of nodes, edges and graphs, along with rules, which determine how the graph becomes more complex over time, in other words, how the universe evolves. According to Wolfram Physics, the universe is a graph. Not the kind of graph that plots y against x. More like a network, consisting of points, called nodes, connected by lines, called edges. Here's my simple explanation of nodes, edges and graphs, along wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No Why I’m writing about Wolfram Physics 1 1 Why I’m writing about Wolfram Physics full 77b8659c-9511-4cbd-b2bc-ce2f9ed63ed6 https://lasttheory.com/podcast/001-why-i-am-writing-about-wolfram-physics I always envy those people who, through a fantastic stroke of luck, find themselves to be exactly the right person in exactly the right place at exactly the right time to seize a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

I always ask myself, why can’t that happen to me?

Well, it just did.

Let me explain.

In this week’s episode, I discuss why I’m writing about Wolfram Physics.

I’ll be digging into the details, as well as taking a step back to see some of the philosophical implications, in future episodes.

Prefer to watch the video? Watch at lasttheory.com/channel/001-why-i-am-writing-about-wolfram-physics

The full article is at lasttheory.com/article/why-i-am-writing-about-wolfram-physics

]]> I always envy those people who, through a fantastic stroke of luck, find themselves to be exactly the right person in exactly the right place at exactly the right time to seize a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity.

I always ask myself, why can’t that happen to me?

Well, it just did.

Let me explain.

In this week’s episode, I discuss why I’m writing about Wolfram Physics.

I’ll be digging into the details, as well as taking a step back to see some of the philosophical implications, in future episodes.

Prefer to watch the video? Watch at lasttheory.com/channel/001-why-i-am-writing-about-wolfram-physics

The full article is at lasttheory.com/article/why-i-am-writing-about-wolfram-physics

]]> Thu, 20 Jan 2022 10:00:00 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 414 If physics and mathematics have always eluded you, well, me too. Here's why I'm writing about Wolfram Physics, despite having lost interest in physics in 1988 and never truly got to grips with mathematics. If physics and mathematics have always eluded you, well, me too. Here's why I'm writing about Wolfram Physics, despite having lost interest in physics in 1988 and never truly got to grips with mathematics. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No The most fundamental scientific breakthrough of our time The most fundamental scientific breakthrough of our time trailer ef7a10f7-5713-4cdc-88b4-9bbb0c91be9e https://lasttheory.com/podcast/ Welcome to The Last Theory, an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics.

In 2020, Stephen Wolfram launched the Wolfram Physics Project to find the elusive fundamental theory that explains everything.

On The Last Theory, I investigate the implications of Wolfram’s ideas and dig into the details of how his universe works. 


Join me for fresh insights into Wolfram Physics every other week: subscribe to the free newsletter, podcast or YouTube channel at lasttheory.com

After all, this might be the most fundamental scientific breakthrough of our time.

]]> Welcome to The Last Theory, an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics.

In 2020, Stephen Wolfram launched the Wolfram Physics Project to find the elusive fundamental theory that explains everything.

On The Last Theory, I investigate the implications of Wolfram’s ideas and dig into the details of how his universe works. 


Join me for fresh insights into Wolfram Physics every other week: subscribe to the free newsletter, podcast or YouTube channel at lasttheory.com

After all, this might be the most fundamental scientific breakthrough of our time.

]]> Sun, 26 Dec 2021 18:13:54 -0800 Mark Jeffery Mark Jeffery 60 Welcome to The Last Theory, an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics. Welcome to The Last Theory, an easy-to-follow exploration of what might be the last theory of physics. wolfram, physics, wolfram physics, wolfram physics project, physics, computational physics, fundamental theory, stephen wolfram No