Discord Discussion Board

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• My Book (Free): https://drive.google.com/open?id=1524xtT4iKmqr7pATaKnXTMZlwk_aONXG
• My Book (Kindle): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.+g.+elliot&qid=1564647522&s=gateway&sr=8-1
• Pacifism Debate: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4xQaDDKY7k
• Followers of the Way: https://www.facebook.com/FollowersoftheWayBoston/?ref=br_rs
• Integrity Quote: https://learninginlife.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/13102829_1201726893232348_849045333103669078_n-770x770.jpg
• The Politics of Jesus by John Howard Yoder: https://www.amazon.com/Politics-Jesus-John-Howard-Yoder/dp/0802807348/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=the+politics+of+jesus&qid=1564647725&s=gateway&sr=8-2
• My Summary of the Politics of Jesus: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/the-politics-of-jesus
• MASH conundrum clip: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=3&v=rvBS0VqJPXs
• Evangelism: Doing Justice and Preaching Grace by Harvie Conn: https://www.amazon.com/Evangelism-Doing-Justice-Preaching-Grace/dp/0875522068/ref=sr_1_3?keywords=harvie+conn&qid=1564647790&s=gateway&sr=8-3
• My website on Pacifism: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/arguments-for-christian-pacifism
• American National Idolatry: https://www.facebook.com/ILovePortage/photos/a.396450011127660/511348556304471/

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751
• Revelation word study on blood: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1JCGWqOo71MYmTuvJ354_JRx6FZVpOndj 
• My site listing all the Church Father quotes I could find, focusing mostly on quotes prior to the Edict of Milan: https://drive.google.com/open?id=16bft8PtcyLns1JCrO-QUbBR8QEHOO413
• The Early Church on Killing (book with pertinent quotations on all violence from before 300 AD, including abortion, capital punishment, warfare, self-defense, etc): https://www.amazon.com/Early-Church-Killing-Comprehensive-Sourcebook-ebook/dp/B008846P1I/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=the+early+church+on+killing&qid=1564648394&s=gateway&sr=8-1
• Tim Mackie's discussion of God's wrath (transcript): https://thebibleproject.com/podcast/day-lord-question-response/transcript/
• Tim Mackie's six part series on God's wrath: https://thebibleproject.simplecast.com/episodes/903c95d5-903c95d5
• Interview with Mackie on God's wrath and nonviolence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dWDGYaIjWsM
• Daniel 7:13-14 and the Son of Man ascending on the clouds and being ascribed divine attributes and position: https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Daniel+7%3A13-14&version=NIV

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*I have learned a lot about David Grossman since recording this episode. While I don't know that his character necessarily compromises any of the information presented here, I would avoid using him as a resource in the future as that could prove difficult for some to accept. The information in this episode doesn't particularly concern me as I've seen much of the evidence presented from other sources. That being said, you may want to do more research on Grossman and more looking into the information. A fun podcast to listen to about him can be found below, though you should be warned that the language is pretty explicit. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/behind-the-bastards/id1373812661?i=1000476406446

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• Phillip Mast
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• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• Waging Nonviolence: https://wagingnonviolence.org/
• Amish shooting and forgiveness: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2016/oct/02/amish-shooting-10-year-anniversary-pennsylvania-the-happening
• Good Article on Amish Myths and Lifestyle: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/fake-amish-and-the-real-o_b_3617736?guccounter=1
• Dan Carlin with Ronald Skirth Quote: https://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-50-blueprint-for-armageddon-i/
• Hannah Arendt on Denmark: https://fee.org/articles/how-denmark-fought-the-nazi-terror/
• Bulgaria Saved Jews: http://liherald.com/fivetowns/stories/how-tiny-bulgaria-saved-50000-jews-in-world-war-ii,101679
• Sophie Scholl: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophie_Scholl
• Hacksaw Ridge and Desmond Doss: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2-1hz1juBI
• End of the Spear: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeEF_3J0ZY0
• Pablo Yoder Interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOdGENdH1fo&t=1s
• City of Refuge Podcast (WWII Stories): https://wagingnonviolence.org/podcast/
• Victories Without Violence: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0943734061/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_asin_title_o04_s00?ie=UTF8&psc=1
• The Plough: https://www.plough.com/en/topics/justice/nonviolence
• The Irresistible Revolution: https://www.amazon.com/Irresistible-Revolution-Updated-Expanded-Ordinary-ebook/dp/B00UF72BAK/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=the+irresistible+revolution&qid=1564925194&s=gateway&sr=8-1
• More Pacifist Quotes: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/arguments-for-christian-pacifism-8-quotes-to-ponder 
• Book which looks at the evidence that Bonhoeffer did not compromise his nonviolent belief: https://www.amazon.com/Bonhoeffer-Assassin-Challenging-Recovering-Peacemaking/dp/0801039614/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?keywords=dan+umbel+bonhoeffer&qid=1575140932&sr=8-1-fkmr1
• Shell Shock: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kvTRJZGWqF8&feature=youtu.be
• WWII Psychosis Video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiD6bnqpJDE&feature=youtu.be

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• Jesse Killion

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The Reformers . . . distinguished between personal sufferings and those incurred by Christians in the performance of duty as bearers of an office ordained by God, maintaining that the precept of nonviolence applies to the first but not to the second. In the second case we are not only freed from obligation to eschew violence, but if we want to act in a genuine spirit of love we must do the very opposite, and meet force with force in order to check the assault of evil. It was along these lines that the Reformers justified war and other legal sanctions against evil. But this distinction between person and office is totally alien to the teaching of Jesus. He says nothing about that. He addresses his disciples as men who have left all to follow him, and the precept of nonviolence applies equally to private life and official duty. He is the Lord of all life, and demands undivided allegiance. Furthermore, when it comes to practice, this distinction raises insoluble difficulties. Am I ever acting only as a private person or only in an official capacity? If I am attacked am I not at once the father of my children, the pastor of my flock, and e.g. a government official? Am I not bound for that very reason to defend myself against every attack, for reason of responsibility to my office? And am I not also always an individual, face to face with Jesus, even in the performance of my official duties? Am I not therefore obliged to resist every attack just because of my responsibility for my office? Is it right to forget that the follower of Jesus is always utterly alone, always the individual, who in the last resort can only decide and act for himself? Don’t we act most responsibly on behalf of those entrusted to our care if we act in this aloneness?

Psalm 2: https://www.biblestudytools.com/psalms/2.html

1 Why do the nations conspireand the peoples plot in vain? 

2 The kings of the earth rise up and the rulers band together against the LORD and against his anointed, saying, 

3 “Let us break their chains and throw off their shackles.” 

4 The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord scoffs at them. 

5 He rebukes them in his anger and terrifies them in his wrath, saying, 

6 “I have installed my king on Zion, my holy mountain.” 

7 I will proclaim the LORD’s decree: He said to me, “You are my son; today I have become your father. 

8 Ask me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession. 

9 You will break them with a rod of iron ; you will dash them to pieces like pottery.” 

10 Therefore, you kings, be wise; be warned, you rulers of the earth. 

11 Serve the LORD with fear and celebrate his rule with trembling. 

12 Kiss his son, or he will be angry and your way will lead to your destruction, for his wrath can flare up in a moment. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• Hauerwas Video on Voting as Coercion (Hauerwas): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fkOvSNtGfSw 
• Voting: An Abdication of Responsibility: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiiyZsCzP9k 
• Jesus Established a Politic of Christianity (Hauerwas): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBAs9jmanzs
• The Politics of Jesus: https://www.amazon.com/Politics-Jesus-John-Howard-Yoder/dp/0802807348/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=the+politics+of+Jesus&qid=1566062176&s=gateway&sr=8-2
• The Myth of a Christian Nation: https://www.amazon.com/Myth-Christian-Nation-Political-Destroying/dp/0310267315/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=the+myth+of+a+christian+nation&qid=1583004622&sr=8-2
• Article Discussing the Trump Presidency and Christian Political (in)action: https://frenchpress.thedispatch.com/p/will-somebody-please-hate-my-enemies?fbclid=IwAR1OC3OJgGO_yYPSs5neySFQZOg6lzGRRFWx3ZoeeBdPltFKY3glSbA_b1w  (takeaway pulled from the article below).
• Phil Vischer on abortion causes and cures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvWD7ykNjCc&feature=youtu.be

  "Here’s the end result—millions of Christians have not just decided to hire a hater to defend them from haters and to hire a liar to defend them from liars, they actively ignore, rationalize, minimize, or deny Trump’s sins. They do this in part because they can’t bring themselves to face the truth about Trump and in part because they know it is difficult to build and sustain a political movement if you’re constantly (or even frequently) criticizing the misconduct of its leader. To criticize Trump even a quarter of the time he does something wrong would be to unleash a constant drumbeat of criticism against the man they hope to re-elect. "

  "...I’ve been pro-life from the moment I understood what abortion was. I formed a pro-life club at Harvard Law School that existed for two decades. I’ve worked for the most powerful pro-life legal organizations in America, and I’ve represented pro-life students (pro bono) in cases from coast-to-coast. I’ve helped raise millions of dollars for pro-life causes. I’ve never voted for a pro-choice politician, and I don’t ever intend to. But in more than three decades of pro-life work, I’ve understood two things quite clearly—the defense of the unborn does not justify sin, and the battle for the unborn is far more spiritual and cultural than it is legal and political. "

• Derek’s summary of the “Politics of Jesus”: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/the-politics-of-jesus
• Electing Not to Vote: https://www.amazon.com/Electing-Not-Vote-Christian-Reflections/dp/1556352271/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=electing+not+to+vote&qid=1567712015&s=gateway&sr=8-1  
• Essay on Civil Disobedience (Thoreau): https://users.manchester.edu/Facstaff/SSNaragon/Online/texts/201/Thoreau,%20CivilDisobedience.pdf
• Evangelical Self-Righteousness Without Action: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/the-comfortable-white-evangelical
• My Book (Free): https://drive.google.com/open?id=1524xtT4iKmqr7pATaKnXTMZlwk_aONXG
• My Book (Kindle): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.+g.+elliot&qid=1564647522&s=gateway&sr=8-1
• Kierkegaard on Politics: https://www.plough.com/en/topics/justice/politics/politics-and-the-state
• Excerpt from Bonhoeffer: https://www.plough.com/en/topics/justice/nonviolence/nonviolence-an-impossible-ideal

If we took the precept of nonresistance as an ethical blueprint for general application, we should indeed be indulging in idealistic dreams: we should be dreaming of a utopia with laws which the world would never obey. To make nonresistance a principle for secular life is to deny God by undermining his gracious ordinance for the preservation of the world. But Jesus is no draftsman of political blueprints; he is the one who vanquished evil through suffering. It looked as though evil had triumphed on the cross, but the real victory belonged to Jesus. And the cross is the only justification for the precept of nonviolence, for it alone can kindle a faith in the victory over evil which will enable people to obey that precept. Only such obedience is blessed with the promise that we shall be partakers of Christ’s victory as well as of his sufferings. . . .

The cross is the only power in the world which proves that suffering love can avenge and vanquish evil.

Psalm 2: https://www.biblestudytools.com/psalms/2.html

1 Why do the nations conspireand the peoples plot in vain? 

2 The kings of the earth rise up and the rulers band together against the LORD and against his anointed, saying, 

3 “Let us break their chains and throw off their shackles.” 

4 The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord scoffs at them. 

5 He rebukes them in his anger and terrifies them in his wrath, saying, 

6 “I have installed my king on Zion, my holy mountain.” 

7 I will proclaim the LORD’s decree: He said to me, “You are my son; today I have become your father. 

8 Ask me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession. 

9 You will...

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• Why Civil Resistance Works: https://www.ericachenoweth.com/research/wcrw
• Gene Sharp Books: https://www.amazon.com/s?k=gene+sharp&ref=nb_sb_noss_2 
• Hannah Arendt on the Banality of Evil: https://www.amazon.com/Eichmann-Jerusalem-Banality-Penguin-Classics/dp/0143039881/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=eichman+in+jerusalem&qid=1569004482&sr=8-1 
• Milgram Experiment: https://www.ted.com/talks/philip_zimbardo_on_the_psychology_of_evil?language=en
• Clay Jones Speech: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCvgl94RvR8
• Clay Jones Interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HsVecozRORE&feature=youtu.be&fbclid=IwAR2MAYAg0bbO7cQvoEwoeP5YLjQWs-KC42yK9-EjEhx3Fq7NIJrvK1KPFPU
• Ordinary Men: https://www.amazon.com/Ordinary-Men-Reserve-Battalion-Solution/dp/0062303023/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=ordinary+men&qid=1569003813&sr=8-1

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• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The Kingdom Depicting Cyclical Violence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a-uj0vQ-c6k
• Does ISIS Prove Nonviolence Wrong?: https://www.plough.com/en/topics/justice/nonviolence/does-isis-prove-nonviolence-wrong
• Is Nonviolence Naive (Answering Questions Against Nonviolence): https://sojo.net/magazine/july-2018/nonviolence-naive
• King Quote: THE ULTIMATE WEAKNESS OF VIOLENCE IS THAT IT IS A DESCENDING SPIRAL, BEGETTING THE VERY THING IT SEEKS TO DESTROY. INSTEAD OF DIMINISHING EVIL, IT MULTIPLIES IT. THROUGH VIOLENCE YOU MAY MURDER THE LIAR, BUT YOU CANNOT MURDER THE LIE, NOR ESTABLISH THE TRUTH. THROUGH VIOLENCE YOU MAY MURDER THE HATER, BUT YOU DO NOT MURDER HATE. IN FACT, VIOLENCE MERELY INCREASES HATE. SO IT GOES. RETURNING VIOLENCE FOR VIOLENCE MULTIPLIES VIOLENCE, ADDING DEEPER DARKNESS TO A NIGHT ALREADY DEVOID OF STARS. DARKNESS CANNOT DRIVE OUT DARKNESS: ONLY LIGHT CAN DO THAT. HATE CANNOT DRIVE OUT HATE: ONLY LOVE CAN DO THAT.

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Lewis's Arguments and Further Resources

• #1a - Pacifism is Ineffective: Episode 4 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/the-case-for-christian-nonviolence-logic-and-intuition
• #1b - Pacifism Fails to Seek the Greatest Good: Episode 7 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-evil-in-refusing-to-do-good
• #2 - Pacifism is Passive: Episode 5 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/the-case-for-christian-nonviolence-the-real-world
• #3 - Pacifism Universally Rejected Throughout History: Episode 3 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/the-case-for-christian-nonviolence-historical-evidence
• #4 - Pacifism Refuses Submission to Government Service: Episode 12 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-romans-13
• #5 - Pacifism Rests on Inconsistently Applied Biblical Claims of Jesus: Episode 2 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/the-case-for-christian-nonviolence-biblical-evidence
• #6 - Pacifism Avoids Sacrifice: Episode 16 https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-the-nonviolent-position-devalues-the-sacrifice-of-soldiers
• See Season 2 for discussion of consequentialism:  https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/consequentialism-the-heart-of-compromise

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FOR A LIST OF RECOMMENDED RESOURCES AND A BEGINNER/ADVANCED READING SCHEDULE, CLICK THE FOLLOWING LINK: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1M23vhScNcr7ncXWLTg24Ik6byKO67InK 

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/

STARTERS: 

• The Politics of Jesus: https://www.amazon.com/Politics-Jesus-John-Howard-Yoder/dp/0802807348/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=the+politics+of+Jesus&qid=1566062176&s=gateway&sr=8-2
• Derek’s summary of the “Politics of Jesus”: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/the-politics-of-jesus
• The Upside Down Kingdom: https://www.amazon.com/Upside-Down-Kingdom-Updated-Donald-Kraybill/dp/0836195132/ref=sr_1_3?keywords=The+Upside+Down+Kingdom&qid=1566062209&s=gateway&sr=8-3
• Fight: https://www.amazon.com/Fight-Author-Sprinkle-Preston-August/dp/B00L71VT9W/ref=sr_1_2?crid=2K8UTOIHVLPR7&keywords=fight+preston+sprinkle&qid=1569095270&s=digital-text&sprefix=fight+preston%2Cdigital-text%2C244&sr=1-2-catcorr
• Cross Vision: https://www.amazon.com/Cross-Vision-Crucifixion-Testament-Violence-ebook/dp/B074GJSPNZ/ref=sr_1_1?crid=Z0B2FA7OLWQC&keywords=cross+vision+greg+boyd&qid=1569095342&s=digital-text&sprefix=cross+vision+greg%2Cdigital-text%2C245&sr=1-1
• The Early Church on Killing: https://www.amazon.com/Early-Church-Killing-Comprehensive-Sourcebook-ebook/dp/B008846P1I/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=The+Early+Church+on+Killing&qid=1569095383&s=digital-text&sr=1-1
• Is Nonviolence Naive (Answering Questions Against Nonviolence): https://sojo.net/magazine/july-2018/nonviolence-naive
• The Old Testament Case for Nonviolence: https://www.amazon.com/Old-Testament-Case-Nonviolence-ebook/dp/B078RWXDS9/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=matthew+fleischer&qid=1576092540&s=digital-text&sr=1-1
• The Day of the Lord (podcast episode): https://thebibleproject.simplecast.com/episodes/903c95d5-903c95d5
• Unbelievable (podcast): https://www.premierchristianradio.com/Shows/Saturday/Unbelievable/Episodes/Unbelievable-Just-War-vs-Pacifism-Nigel-Biggar-Stanley-Hauerwas
• Christian Humanist (podcast): http://www.christianhumanist.org/2018/01/christian-humanist-podcast-episode-229-non-violence-and-pacifism/

ADVANCED: 

• Crucifixion of the Warrior God: https://www.amazon.com/Crucifixion-Warrior-God-Volumes-ebook/dp/B06XRL77G1/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=crucifixion+of+the+warrior+god&qid=1569095706&s=digital-text&sr=1-1
• Stanley Hauerwas: https://www.amazon.com/s?k=stanley+hauerwas&i=digital-text&ref=nb_sb_noss_2
• The Anatomy of a Hybrid: https://www.gospeltruth.net/verduin/hybrid.htm
• Why Civil Resistance Works: https://cup.columbia.edu/book/why-civil-resistance-works/9780231156820
• Gene Sharp: https://www.amazon.com/s?k=Gene+Sharp&i=digital-text&ref=nb_sb_noss_2

VIDEOS: 

• Pablo Yoder's testimony of personal nonviolence in Central America: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOdGENdH1fo
• Just War Debate at Harvard: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K4xQaDDKY7k
• Dean Taylor Series: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrfSqfH65dM
• Preston Sprinkle on the Kingdom and Nonviolence: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sITAH1d1Yk0
• Hauerwas on War and the American Tradition: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RaFfGfQprjE

Related to the Military: 

• War is a Racket: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00O24Y6PU/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_d_asin_title_o04?ie=UTF8&psc=1
• War and Moral Injury: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B07CFW2S3G/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_d_asin_title_o01?ie=UTF8&psc=1
• On Killing: https://www.amazon.com/Killing-Psychological-Cost-Learning-Society-ebook/dp/B00J90F8W2/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=on+killing&qid=1576092799&sr=8-1
• Killing from the Inside Out: https://www.amazon.com/Killing-Inside-Out-Moral-Injury-ebook/dp/B00NVN93EM/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=killing+from+the+inside+out&qid=1568229887&s=gateway&sr=8-1 
• Moral Injury: https://www.amazon.com/s?k=moral+injury&i=digital-text&ref=nb_sb_noss_1 

EXTRAS: 

• Discord Discussion Group: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The Plough Site and Magazine: https://www.plough.com/en
• Waging Nonviolence News: https://w...

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The 80% (My Book): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.g.+elliot&qid=1573560697&sr=8-1

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The 80% (My Book): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.g.+elliot&qid=1573560697&sr=8-1
• Various reflections related to consequentialism: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/category/pragmatism-and-consequentialism
• Tim Keller a Pastor because door left open 6 inches: http://andynaselli.com/watergate

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• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

From "Revolution of Values:" I strongly recommend chapter two which hits very hard at the heart of our discussion on grace and generosity. 

" The Bible in the hands of rich men became divorced from it's social and political context. Key to avoiding its prophetic challenge of economic inequality and the exploitation of poor people in ancient economies, was a focus on the Bible's spiritual message. On this reading, all of Hebrew scripture with its prophets with long beards and hair shirts confronting greedy kings, its message becomes a morality play meant to demonstrate each individual's need of redemption from sin. If wealth is the visible sign you are blessed, then poor people are spiritually needy.When rich men gather to read a spiritualized Bible, their thoughts turn not towards repentance, but charity. Thus the Bible's concern for justice towards all people and a concern for the poor became a reminder to rich men that it was important to sit on non-profits and charity boards. Helping poor people wasn't only about making sure they had food to eat or a place to sleep. It was ultimately about imparting spiritual blessing on them, holding out the hope that they too may pull themselves up by their bootstraps and be saved. 'When you did it to the least of these, you did it unto me,' wasn't Jesus's summary statement about how the nations of the earth would be judged on the last day. It was instead a reminder that industrialists must also be philanthropists. Great men who prove their spiritual greatness by offering to bestow it on anyone who aspires to be just like them.  

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

It's important to note that I am not saying the only sin of Sodom was lacking hospitality, but simply that it was one aspect of the problem. Ezekiel 16:49 perhaps encompasses this idea the best, as it declares the sin of Sodom to be, at least in part, their lack of concern and assistance for the poor and needy. Unfortunately, many conservative Christians feel they can't allow both/and answers here, as they feel it undercuts their ability to use this verse as a proof text against homosexuality. Hospitality was a huge issue in the ANE, and even more specifically in the Bible. You can see this in a passage which has several similarities to the Sodom passage, found in Judges 19. There we see that a man enters another city within Israel, and it is emphasized that no one takes him in for the night. Finally, an old man takes him in, but then the men of the city come along and seek to rape the male traveler. The owner of the house shows disgust, emphasizing that it is vile to consider doing this to him because he is a guest. Rape doesn't seem to be as much the issue for the owner, as he's willing to throw out the guest's concubine and even his own daughter to be raped, and when the concubine is thrown out, the men are contented to rape her instead of the male guest. While the rape may be a part of the emphasis of perversion, the aspect which seems to put the icing on the cake is that such a thing would be done to a guest. Again, I am not saying that a lack of hospitality is the biggest aspect of either story, but that a lack of hospitality is a part of the problem. Lacking hospitality may not in and of itself seem abhorrent, but just as lust is a prerequisite for adultery and hate a prerequisite for murder, it seems that being inhospitable is a prerequisite (or accompanying attitude) for at least certain forms of injustice and abhorrent sin.

We see many other references to God's desire for ancient Israel to be hospitable, especially to the most vulnerable (strangers, foreigners, orphans, widows, those in need, etc). Hospitality in this sense is a justice issue - a justice issue for which Israel goes into exile (concomitant with idolatry). We also see in the New Testament that hospitality is a requirement for both elders and deacons (even preceding teaching as a characteristic), and is also an important emphasis in Romans 12, where Paul is describing what the Christian life should look like at its core. For a good overview of ideas, check out the following source. https://www.christianity.com/newsletters/features/a-meal-says-more-than-you-think-the-importance-of-hospitality-11631555.html 

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The 80% (My Book): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.g.+elliot&qid=1573560697&sr=8-1
• Various reflections related to consequentialism: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/category/pragmatism-and-consequentialism

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

From "Revolution of Values:" I strongly recommend chapter two which hits very hard at the heart of our discussion on grace and generosity. 

" The Bible in the hands of rich men became divorced from it's social and political context. Key to avoiding its prophetic challenge of economic inequality and the exploitation of poor people in ancient economies, was a focus on the Bible's spiritual message. On this reading, all of Hebrew scripture with its prophets with long beards and hair shirts confronting greedy kings, its message becomes a morality play meant to demonstrate each individual's need of redemption from sin. If wealth is the visible sign you are blessed, then poor people are spiritually needy.When rich men gather to read a spiritualized Bible, their thoughts turn not towards repentance, but charity. Thus the Bible's concern for justice towards all people and a concern for the poor became a reminder to rich men that it was important to sit on non-profits and charity boards. Helping poor people wasn't only about making sure they had food to eat or a place to sleep. It was ultimately about imparting spiritual blessing on them, holding out the hope that they too may pull themselves up by their bootstraps and be saved. 'When you did it to the least of these, you did it unto me,' wasn't Jesus's summary statement about how the nations of the earth would be judged on the last day. It was instead a reminder that industrialists must also be philanthropists. Great men who prove their spiritual greatness by offering to bestow it on anyone who aspires to be just like them.  

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• A great conversation on a philosophy behind abstention: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dqEc3NNGol8&feature=youtu.be
• Phil Vischer on abortion and politics: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvWD7ykNjCc&feature=youtu.be
• Voting as coercive: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FiiyZsCzP9k&t=1s
• Voting as an abdication of responsibility: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OBAs9jmanzs&t=9s
• Christian Sacralism in "Anatomy of a Hybrid:" https://www.gospeltruth.net/verduin/hybrid.htm
• Electing Not to Vote: https://www.amazon.com/Electing-Not-Vote-Christian-Reflections-ebook/dp/B00YD5D0Z0/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=electing+not+to+vote&qid=1577199172&sr=8-1
• Essay on Civil Disobedience (Thoreau): https://users.manchester.edu/Facstaff/SSNaragon/Online/texts/201/Thoreau,%20CivilDisobedience.pdf
• Kierkegaard Quotes on Politics: https://www.plough.com/en/topics/justice/politics/politics-and-the-state
• The Myth of a Christian Nation: https://www.amazon.com/Myth-Christian-Nation-Political-Destroying/dp/0310267315/ref=sr_1_2?keywords=the+myth+of+a+christian+nation&qid=1583004622&sr=8-2
• Consequentialism Series (beginning ep. 24): https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes?utf8=%E2%9C%93&year=2019&month=
• Romans 13 Part 1 (Biblical Case): https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-romans-13
• Romans 13 Part 2 (Practical Case): https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-romans-13-part-2

As Christians in the U.S. start thinking about voting for a commander in chief this fall, I thought I'd throw out an unpopular option for everyone to chew on. I've done a significant amount of reflection on politics, voting, and Kingdom living over the past few years, and I have concluded that the option of abstention is something that needs to be on the table for Christians. It may not be something you do in this election, or any future election, but it needs to be a tool you have available to you and one you can respect others using. In this podcast episode I lay out that case for this option, but if you want the summary and don't want to listen to a ninety minute episode, I'll summarize below. 

https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/se2-abstention-from-political-idolatry

1. Many Christians view what James calls true religion as optional (helping orphans, widows, etc), as few Christians judge others for not doing these things. Only people who are "called" to those things are required to do them. Few people in our churches adopt, volunteer at the food pantry, etc. We view those things as optional, and understand if congregants don't have the time to participate. However, many view voting as morally necessary and the responsible thing to do.  This mismatch of moral obligations seems to me to be political idolatry. How is it that orphans and widows are optional, while voting is obligatory?  The state has replaced the church as the Christian ethic in American Evangelical society, which is why a vote every four years is lauded more vocally than doing the hard work of consistent community interaction and love. 

2. When all candidates and/or platforms require our own moral compromises or implicit support of evil, the testimony of Christ should be prioritized and our salt/light to the world maintained over any action which promises perceived effectiveness.  When all options are evil (a threshold we may disagree on), a holy example is only maintained through our abstention from evil and subsequent faith in God to accomplish his means through the church. As Daniel resigned himself to prayer, Moses's mother resigned her son to a basket, and Jesus resigned himself to a cross - God may bring us to a moment where following him means throwing off seeming effectiveness and simply resting in God's promise to sovereignly control history not through our subversion of his means, but through our clinging to him and his holy will over human wisdom, methodology, and power..

God's express and implied will for our lives is holiness and a growing conformity to Christ. If all political parties and/or candidates require moral compromise, abstention is important to maintain moral holiness in our avoidance of evil. It is only through holy distinction (being salt and light) that incarnation is possible and meaningful. Had Jesus met us where we were, but not maintained his holy distinction from us, his incarnation would have been meaningless because he would have condescended without providing us a hope for our ascension. Christ may have met the prostitutes and tax collectors where they were (literally at their place of work or in their homes), but his maintained holiness and distinctiveness was what gave them hope that they were and could be more. Likewise, the church is to be distinct in our incarnation - being in the world, but not being of it and compromising for it. Without that holy distinction, we are not depicting Christ and have no hope of which to tell the world. Without a two-fold incarnation (condescension and holy distinctiveness), the message of the gospel is unintelligible, disingenuous, and worthless. 

  3. Even if all candidates and parties are morally acceptable, abstention can be important to avoid personal political idolatry. There are many actions which can be good which are made morally wrong or unwise for someone with certain struggles/proclivities. Those who struggle with pride in regard to their musical ability may refuse to join the praise team at chu...

"But as far as his worldview, Trump's world view, I was debating an evangelical professor on NPR and this professor said, "Pastor, don’t you want a candidate who embodies the teaching of Jesus and would govern this country according to the principles found in the Sermon on the Mount?" I said, "Heck no." I would run from that candidate as far as possible because the Sermon on the Mount was not given as a governing principle for this nation. Nowhere is government told to forgive those who wrong it, nowhere is government commanded to turn the other cheek. Government is to be a strongman to protect its citizens against evildoers. When I’m looking for somebody who’s going to deal with ISIS and exterminate ISIS, I don’t care about that candidate’s tone or vocabulary, I want the meanest, toughest, son of a you-know-what I can find, and I believe that’s Biblical."

Psalm 2: https://www.biblestudytools.com/psalms/2.html

1 Why do the nations conspireand the peoples plot in vain? 

2 The kings of the earth rise up and the rulers band together against the LORD and against his anointed, saying, 

3 “Let us break their chains and throw off their shackles.” 

4 The One enthroned in heaven laughs; the Lord scoffs at them. 

5 He rebukes them in his anger and terrifies them in his wrath, saying, 

6 “I have installed my king on Zion, my holy mountain.” 

7 I will proclaim the LORD’s decree: He said to me, “You are my son; today I have become your father. 

8 Ask me, and I will make the nations your inheritance, the ends of the earth your possession. 

9 You will break them with a rod of iron ; you will dash them to pieces like pottery.” 

10 Therefore, you kings, be wise; be warned, you rulers of the earth. 

11 Serve the LORD with fear and celebrate his rule with trembling. 

12 Kiss his son, or he will be angry and your way will lead to your destruction, for his wrath can flare up in a moment. Blessed are all who take refuge in him.

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The 80% (My Book): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.g.+elliot&qid=1573560697&sr=8-1
• Various reflections related to consequentialism: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/category/pragmatism-and-consequentialism
• Bonhoeffer the Assassin: https://www.amazon.com/Bonhoeffer-Assassin-Challenging-Recovering-Peacemaking-ebook/dp/B00FOWLXVY/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=bonhoeffer+the+assassin&qid=1578771855&sr=8-1
• Summary of Bonhoeffer's Case: https://www.plough.com/en/topics/justice/nonviolence/was-bonhoeffer-willing-to-kill
• Interview with Bonhoeffer Scholar: https://www.benjaminlcorey.com/no-dietrich-bonhoeffer-didnt-try-to-kill-adolph-hitler/
• Jerry Falwell Jr. Quote: https://twitter.com/JerryFalwellJr/status/1045853333007798272?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw
• Pablo Yoder Testimony: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOdGENdH1fo&t=1s
• Victories Without Violence: https://www.amazon.com/Victories-Without-Violence-Ruth-Fry/dp/0943734061/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=1578896183&sr=8-2
• The Doors of the Sea: https://www.amazon.com/Doors-Sea-Where-Was-Tsunami/dp/0802866867/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=the+doors+of+the+sea&qid=1578897160&sr=8-1

"Nationalism and internationalism have to do with political necessities and possibilities. The ecumenical Church, however, does not concern itself with these things, but with the commandments of God, and regardless of consequences it transmits these commandments to the world. Our task as theologians, accordingly, consists only in accepting this commandment as a binding one, not as a question open to discussion. Peace on earth is not a problem, but a commandment given at Christ’s coming. There are two ways of reacting to this command from God: the unconditional, blind obedience of action, or the hypocritical question of the Serpent: “Yea, hath God said . . . ?” This question is the mortal enemy of obedience, and therefore the mortal enemy of all real peace. . . . “Must God not have meant that we should talk about peace, to be sure, but that it is not to be literally translated into action? Must God not really have said that we should work for peace, of course, but also make ready tanks and poison gas for security?” And then perhaps the most serious question: “Did God say you should not protect your own people? Did God say you should leave your own a prey to the enemy?” No, God did not say all that. What He has said is that there shall be peace among men—that we shall obey Him without further question, that is what He means. He who questions the commandment of God before obeying has already denied Him. . . . For the members of the ecumenical Church, in so far as they hold to Christ, His word, His commandment of peace is more holy, more inviolable than the most revered words and works of the natural world. For they know that whoso is not able to hate father and mother for His sake is not worthy of Him, and lies if he calls himself after Christ’s name. These brothers in Christ obey His word; they do not doubt or question, but keep His commandment of peace. They are not ashamed, in defiance of the world, even to speak of eternal peace. They cannot take up arms against Christ himself—yet this is what they do if they take up arms against one another! Even in anguish and distress of conscience there is for them no escape from the commandment of Christ that there shall be peace. How does peace come about? Through a system of political treaties? Through the investment of international capital in different countries? Through the big banks, through money? Or through universal peaceful rearmament in order to guarantee peace? Through none of these, for the single reason that in all of them peace is confused with safety. There is no way to peace along the way of safety. For peace must be dared. It is the great venture. It can never be made safe. Peace is the opposite of security. To demand guarantees is to mistrust, and this mistrust in turn brings forth war. To look for guarantees is to want to protect oneself. Peace means to give oneself altogether to the law of God, wanting no security, but in faith and obedience laying the destiny of the nations in the hand of Almighty God, not trying to direct it for selfish purposes. Battles are won, not with weapons, but with God. They are won where the way leads to the cross. Which of us can say he knows what it might mean for the world if one nation should meet the aggressor, not with weapons in hand, but praying defenseless, and for that very reason protected by “a bulwark never failing”? 

"In Bonhoeffer’s interpretation of the love commandment, it becomes clear precisely why this model of moral engagement between Jesus and his disciples is so necessary: by nature the would-be follower of Jesus is unable to love his or her enemy. Only after being encountered with God’s free commanding power in Christ can one be enabled to so love. As Bonhoeffer says, Loving one’s enemies is not only an unbearable offense to the natural person. It demands more than the strength a natural person can muster, and it offends the natural concepts of good and evil. But even more important, loving one’s enemies appears to people living according to the law [i.e., Old Testament Torah] to be a sin against God’s law itself. 

What is commonly said from the pulpits about [peace], if it is mentioned at all, would . . . “be just as possible, if Christ had never become incarnate, died, ascended to heaven, and sent His Spirit.” We are ineffective precisely because we are disobedient. In a theological and ecclesiastical climate . . . where any literal application of the Gospel is suspect of “Schwärmertum” and where only the ex-pacifist is respectable, it will take some time and not a little humility to admit, especially for those trained in the school of the great Reformers, that at this point in question the Mennonite minority has been, and sti...

However, what I do intend to point out in this episode is that my group has erred (as a broad generalization, of course) in our discernment. Many in my group have politicized the virus to the point that we were unable to assess the gravity of the situation, we were unable to effectively love in our actions, and we were unable to wisely discern common sense judgment and action in the situation. While I am not judging for making the wrong decisions given limited information, I am judging our political idolatry and our dismissal of truths which don't fit our desired narrative. 

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The 80% (My Book): https://www.amazon.com/80-Conservative-Evangelicals-Prove-Relativists-ebook/dp/B07RDPW2NZ/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=j.g.+elliot&qid=1573560697&sr=8-1
• Various reflections related to consequentialism: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/category/pragmatism-and-consequentialism

• A fantastic moral overview of the pandemic from a Christian perspective: https://mereorthodoxy.com/moral-reasoning-coronavirus-pandemic/ 
• Mars Hill Audio, which featured the above article in audio format: https://www.marshillaudio.org 
• Conservative Responses to COVID-19 Image Gallery: https://drive.google.com/open?id=1CMNQ-kj1dN37sxBUPjffKwZCk1vi0dRE
• Democrat vs. Republican:
  https://www.npr.org/2020/03/17/816501871/poll-as-coronavirus-spreads-fewer-americans-see-pandemic-as-a-real-threat?utm_term=nprnews&utm_campaign=npr&utm_source=facebook.com&utm_medium=social
• Liberty University and Falwell: https://www.washingtonpost.com/
• Falwell continue classes: https://www.businessinsider.com/jerry-falwell-jr-suggests-coronavirus-is-plot-to-hurt-trump-2020-3
• Governer difference between KY and TN: https://www.alternet.org/2020/03/kentucky-vs-tennessee-on-coronavirus-may-be-the-best-example-of-elections-matter-in-decades/?fbclid=IwAR0QBc9J9X37IwUjxyhfRovCTTliRV7SyBgCNtWPKYvTC--w7wW6gwu2o9U
• FOX Hype and Changing Tune: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5DmW_H4U-MI&t=145s
• Fox Questioning the Virus as a Hoax/Conspiracy: https://www.mediamatters.org/coronavirus-covid-19/fox-news-contributor-i-am-seeing-videos-twitter-empty-hospital-parking-lots
• Georgia Conservative questions legitimacy of the pandemic: https://decaturish.com/2020/03/gov-kemp-staffer-accuses-officials-of-overreacting-to-covid-19-spokesperson-cites-federalist/
• Environment correction article: https://medium.com/cruciformity/coronavirus-a-symptom-of-creations-brokenness-e9335ae7d8a1
• Florida Church Ignores Guidelines: https://www.fox13news.com/news/tampa-megachurch-crowded-with-worshipers-despite-social-distancing-orders
• Another Church Ignores Guidelines: https://www.wesh.com/article/second-pastor-charged-with-violating-public-orders-says-church-doors-will-still-be-open-on-sunday/32003221?fbclid=IwAR3I9lL5E5WHuGR5mtMMDjbqPVAMLobnr8XJg8DCSP4SPmnRXdVAWYcl0o4#
• Parishoner Interview "covered by the blood": https://www.facebook.com/tboypunk/videos/3913215418696211/
• Reopen America and Conservatism: https://www.forbes.com/sites/simonchandler/2020/04/24/security-researchers-say-the-reopen-america-campaign-is-being-astroturfed/
• A good piece on Evangelicalism and some of its problems with taking responsibility: https://religiondispatches.org/itsnotus-being-evangelical-means-never-having-to-say-youre-sorry/
• Hypocrisy of the Religious Right: https://www.patheos.com/blogs/shanephipps/2020/04/20/the-christian-right-is-under-siege-by-a-pandemic-of-hypocrisy/?utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook&utm_campaign=FBCP-PATH
• Christians and Conspiracy Theories: https://www.christianitytoday.com/edstetzer/2020/april/christians-and-corona-conspiracies.html?fbclid=IwAR0BFQWYb4Y-UUiWzugAlCC7hbwr7EF2bYIySoVwCn6zv82rh5EW5QM7KR0
• Sacrificing God - my blog discussing the moral inconsistency of our response to COVID and our response to moral compromise in politics:

Mark Noll is an Evangelical Historian who I have found to be very insightful during this time in my life. He is a heartbroken Evangelical (as can be seen in his [in]famous book "The Scandal of the Evangelical Mind"), meaning he considers himself an Evangelical, but is introspective and honest enough to recognize our glaring problems. That is exactly how I feel at the moment, and I appreciate those who, like Noll, can honestly point out our past and our present and call us to address our problems. Noll has many books which you may find helpful on this topic, but I found the two books below to be helpful in understanding why the Evangelical church has so many problems with race, why the government took over the church's role (and why we let it), why we are political idolaters, and so much more.  

• The Civil War as a Theological Crisis: https://www.amazon.com/Theological-Crisis-Steven-Janice-Lectures-ebook/dp/B00W1W601S/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=mark+noll&qid=1586637948&sr=8-2
• God and Race in American Politics: https://www.amazon.com/God-Race-American-Politics-History-ebook/dp/B003E7FIDU/ref=sr_1_15?dchild=1&keywords=mark+noll&qid=1586637986&sr=8-15

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 

**After listening again I recognize I said something which needs to be restated. I understand that having sex doesn't mean you'll get pregnant (I have 4 kids, so trust me, I understand). I misspoke. I intended to imply that for every 100 times there would have been impregnation, statistically, one of those would be aborted via secondary measures of hormonal birth control. Over the course of a married life and assuming healthy sexual activity, that means that there would likely be multiple abortions statistically speaking. 

Episode Summary: 

1. Images and Pain Presence: Use of post-abortion photos and describing the pain sensations a fetus can feel at different stages of development can be valuable tools to spark emotion, dig at intuitive knowledge, or bolster a larger argument. However, they are terrible stand-alone or primary arguments against abortion, yet they tend to be where many Christians start and stop their understanding of the issue. The main problem with them is that they actually undermine the core case Christians want to make for the value of the fetus. How much something resembles a human or what level of pain one can feel changes based on time and situations, and are what we call degreed properties. If something is held in degrees, not only can you be more or less of something on the spectrum (in this case, human), but you can also lose that thing. likeness and pain sensation are degreed properties and are not present in all fetuses at all times, and especially not at the same level. 

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2. Biblical Cherry-picking: Many anti-abortion Christians love to say that everyone, including fetuses, are important, because "God knits us all together in the womb." We turn this into a scientific statement. The problem is that in this very passage - only two verses later - the author declares that he was woven together in the depths of the earth. You will find plenty of cases where (especially in the Psalms), the author works within an ANE framework, and not a scientific one (e.g. the pillars holding up the sky). We also see other strange conceptions (to our modern ears) of life, as in when the Bible tells us that Levi paid a tithe to Melchizedek through Abraham, as Levi was in Abraham's loins (Augustine called this "seminal headship" in regard to all humans being in the loins of Adam). Today, we know that this isn't how sperm, genetics, and individual identity work. We can't pick and choose what aspects of ancient beliefs sound good for our case to use as zinger proof-texts. It's a whole package. Since this may be a particularly contentious point, here are some perspectives from an inerrantist I trust who expounds on these topics.
Adam's Loins and Seminal Headship: https://drmsh.com/more-on-romans-5/
Levi's Loins and Hebrew Belief: https://nakedbiblepodcast.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/NB-185-Transcript.pdf (top of pg. 14 ff).
Ancient Hebrew Cosmology: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AbPtym0NboU (39:30 ff). 

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3. Ignoring Counter-examples in the Bible: Some Christians know the common rebuttal that life was viewed as less valuable to ancient Hebrews because there was a law which seems to declare the consequences for causing a woman to miscarry were less severe than for killing a human who was older. But there are some words you can argue about there. To me, the glaring problem passage is when by law, a husband was able to take his wife to the priest if he suspected infidelity and force her to drink a concoction which would kill the child if it was not the husbands. However, I don't know any anti-abortion Christians who would argue that we should be able to do paternity tests and then justly abort any children born out of a marital relationship. 

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4. Christian Inconsistency: We say we believe life begins at conception, yet most of us use birth controls which have abortive measures (preventing implantation, not conception) as secondary effects. Many of us also speak in a derogatory fashion about children and how they are an inconvenience, etc. Most of us who are anti-abortion also tend to align ourselves with politicians and parties which are not very "pro-life" after birth, as the accusation goes (e.g. war hawks, pro-death penalty, America first group). 

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5. Inconsistent Hard-liners: Most anti-abortion Christians I know would acknowledge that there are cases in which it is difficult to discern the way of Christ. We know that there are some mothers in far away lands who have six malnourished children already, and couldn't feed a seventh if one came along. Should she abort, or should she have the child and risk the child suffering and dying, or the mother dying, and most likely some of the younger kids then as well? Yet for as hard as that situation is, we know that the right thing is not to abort. But when it comes to life saving procedures in the States, like those of ectopic pregnancies, most Christians claim that abortion is the only or most moral choice, since it accomplishes the greatest good (saving one life rather than having two die). I fail to see a moral distinction between the Foreign and American cases, except that one case we know will never happen to us or anyone we know, and in the other case we recognize that we or someone we know will have that happen, or has had that happen. We're good at maintaining a seemingly sympathetic, yet hard-line moral stance on distant hypotheticals, yet we hedge our bets and insulate ourselves through moral inconsistency from what could be potential hardship for us. Our moral judgments at times (as also with birth control's secondary mechanism preventing implantation), seem to be skewed towards favoring our ease and lack of sacrifice while being immovable on the sacrifices others ought to make. That inconsistency indicates to me that we either need to be more lax on our moral positions towards those in different situations, or we need to be more stringent in our personal applications. I don't think you can have it both ways and maintain moral honesty and integrity. 

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While the following quote was pieced together from soldier testimony to make the famous speech from the movie "Patton," it is widely attributed to General Patton: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CCA6uxQE-bw&t=200s

 No bastard ever won a war by dying for his country. He won it by making some other poor dumb bastard die for his country.

John Howard Yoder from "Christian Attitudes to War, Peace, and Revolution:"

A crusade does not have to be winnable. Those who died in a crusade go straight to heaven. In the Middle Ages, dying in a crusade was the only way to get straight to heaven. In a crusade, death is not considered a necessary sacrifice so as to win war. Death is righteous in itself, because it is in a righteous cause. This view carries on in the West despite theories to the contrary. An element of martyrdom is present in our culture’s recognition of the moral dignity of the war dead. There is a close juxtaposition, theologically in need of debate between such “martyrdom” and the sacrifice of Christ. “No one has greater love than this, to lay down one’s life for one’s friends” (John 15:13): Jesus said that about himself. Many Western war monuments to the dead have that verse on them, as though what a dead soldier went out to do was to lay down his life for his friends. That is not what he went out to do. He went out to kill, and he hoped to come home. He went out to lay down somebody else’s life. The use of Jesus’s cross language is a dramatic pointer to the persistence of the crusade mentality in our culture.

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***For an alternative perspective on the rise of the abortion issue among conservative Evangelicals, check out the following article. While I think the author makes some good points and helps to balance a true, growing concern for abortion, I think the race issue is clearly the catalyst. So while I disagree with the morality of abortion now, the reason the issue was shot to prominence so quickly seems to be as a result of racism. It's hard to explain the seismic shift in worldviews about the personhood of fetuses without a motivator, as I argue in the episode. Nevertheless, decide for yourself: https://frenchpress.thedispatch.com/p/fact-and-fiction-about-racism-and . You can also find a version from the Gospel Coalition here: https://www.thegospelcoalition.org/blogs/evangelical-history/christian-right-discovered-abortion-rights-transformed-culture-wars/

Lee Atwater's famous quote about Republican and Religious Right implications and understanding in politics:  https://www.thenation.com/article/archive/exclusive-lee-atwaters-infamous-1981-interview-southern-strategy/

You start out in 1954 by saying, “Nigger, nigger, nigger.” By 1968 you can’t say “nigger”—that hurts you, backfires. So you say stuff like, uh, forced busing, states’ rights, and all that stuff, and you’re getting so abstract. Now, you’re talking about cutting taxes, and all these things you’re talking about are totally economic things and a byproduct of them is, blacks get hurt worse than whites.… “We want to cut this,” is much more abstract than even the busing thing, uh, and a hell of a lot more abstract than “Nigger, nigger.”

• The 1971 SBC Resolution on Abortion: http://www.sbc.net/resolutions/13/resolution-on-abortion 
• Brief explanation of the origins of the anti-abortion movement in Evangelicalism: https://www.npr.org/2019/06/20/734303135/throughline-traces-evangelicals-history-on-the-abortion-issue 
• Detailed article about the origins of the anti-abortion movement in Evangelicalism: https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2014/05/religious-right-real-origins-107133
• The Color of Compromise: https://www.amazon.com/Color-Compromise-American-Churchs-Complicity/dp/0310113601/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=the+color+of+compromise&qid=1591475569&sr=8-1
• The Evangelicals: The Struggle to Shape America: This resource is a very deep overview of the history of Evangelicalism and the Religious Right. It helps paint a picture of how we got to where we are and the compromised
• One Nation Under God: https://www.amazon.com/One-Nation-Under-God-Corporate/dp/0465097413/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=one+nation+under+god&qid=1591475623&sr=8-1
• Revolution of Values: is a great look at the history of modern Evangelicalism and the racist roots of the Religious Right from the perspective of a long-time Southern Baptist, and one who served the Republican party under Strom Thurmond:   https://www.amazon.com/Revolution-Values-Reclaiming-Public-Common/dp/0830845933/ref=sr_1_1_sspa?dchild=1&keywords=jonathan+hartgrove&qid=1591475669&sr=8-1-spons&psc=1&spLa=ZW5jcnlwdGVkUXVhbGlmaWVyPUExUVZOQlVWQUhGSklOJmVuY3J5cHRlZElkPUEwMzM5MzgxTTU5SDBXSURKRlVOJmVuY3J5cHRlZEFkSWQ9QTAxMzY3NDRTQzhRWTU0Njk5NFEmd2lkZ2V0TmFtZT1zcF9hdGYmYWN0aW9uPWNsaWNrUmVkaXJlY3QmZG9Ob3RMb2dDbGljaz10cnVl
• A good summary of the rise in anti-abortion sentiment: https://www.huffpost.com/entry/how-evangelicals-decided-that-life-begins-at-conception_b_2072716?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuYmluZy5jb20vc2VhcmNoP3E9RXZhbmdlbGljYWwrYWJvcnRpb24rbW92ZW1lbnQmZm9ybT1BUElQSDEmUEM9QVBQTA&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFK1r-ntO2NVaghH4hLP_lW3elDj6xvvJiThE7fIQ8JGqyHT_JdoYoUqFlPH78UZokykrlr4reUpQt3VYpWDtlj0N29jhWoGUq3oSH55qWnPELjR8dRMsBxOO1j6-5MZSqJJNxsFsm7VVjo0iwKcM5MLr8hhHWSacvgWAClJodGR
• Scene on Radio Podcast: http://www.sceneonradio.org/s4-e8-the-second-redemption/
• Behind the Bastards on Jerry Falwell (explicit language): This is a three part series which is good at helping not only to paint a picture of ulterior motives in the abortion issue, but in seeing the political and business problems inherent in the religious right. https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/behind-the-bastards/id1373812661?i=1000458529023 
• Bob Jones Finally Drops Interracial Dating Policy in the Year 2000: https://www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2000/marchweb-only/53.0.html

Former SBC President W.A. Criswell (1973): "I have always felt that it was only after a child was born and had a life separate from its mother that it became an individual person, and it has always, therefore, seemed to me that what is best for the mother and for the future should be allowed." 

W. Barry Garrett (1973): "Religious liberty, human equality and justice are advanced by the [Roe v. Wade] Supreme Court Decision."

Christianity Today symposium with the medical community (1968): “individual health, family welfare, and social responsibility” were deemed justific...

Obviously you can look at various facets of the data, and it's a complex task. Hopefully I've been fair and accurate in this one focused assessment, but please do your own legwork and follow that up.

FROM: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/67/ss/ss6713a1.htm
Among women whose race was reported (from 39 reporting areas), approximately 56% of women who obtained legal induced abortions were white (Table 9). The abortion ratio for black women was 543 per 1,000 live births, 2.8 times the ratio for white women (194 per 1,000 live births). However, numbers of abortions for white women include data for Hispanics and thus might affect comparisons from state to state. The abortion ratio for women of other races (341 per 1,000 live births) was 1.8 times the ratio for white women. In addition, the abortion rate for black women (32 per 1,000 women) was 2.9 times the rate for white women (11 per 1,000 women).

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• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 

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My article on the double standard and slectivity of conservative, moral legislation: https://www.dckreider.com/blog-theological-musings/economic-pornography-and-pet-sins
Jerry Falwell's Mask: https://www.wsls.com/news/local/2020/05/27/libertys-jerry-falwell-designs-his-own-mask-using-ralph-northam-yearbook-blackface-photo/?outputType=amp

Sex Partners and Activity: https://ifstudies.org/blog/nine-decades-of-promiscuity

Trend of Poverty and Adoption:  https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/09/us/abortion-access-inequality.html

Abortion Rate by Country: https://bedbible.com/abortion-statistics/
https://worldpopulationreview.com/countries/abortion-rates-by-country/

Adoption Stats in the U.S.:  https://ifstudies.org/blog/the-changing-face-of-adoption-in-the-united-states
CDC Abortion Stats: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/index.htm
Abortion and Race Trends: http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/policy/abortion/usa_abortion_by_race.html
Phil Vischer on abortion causes and cures: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RvWD7ykNjCc&feature=youtu.be

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(Article discussed in this episode) An Open Letter to Christians Condoning Violence: https://freethinkingministries.com/an-open-letter-to-christians-condoning-violence/
Episode 7: Is Nonviolence Evil by Refusing to Do Good? https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-evil-in-refusing-to-do-good
Romans 13 Part 2: The Practical: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-romans-13-part-2
Episode 19: What Would You Do to Protect Your Family (Part 1)? https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/rebuttal-would-you-really-allow-an-intruder-to-harm-your-family
Episode 20: What Would You Do to Protect Your Family (Part 2)? https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/episode-19-rebuttal-would-you-really-allow-an-intruder-to-harm-your-family-part-2-the-practical
Bonhoeffer Episode 1: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/se3-bonhoeffer
Bonhoeffer Episode 2: https://thefourthway.transistor.fm/episodes/47-se5-bonhoeffer-pacifist-or-assassin

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• Killing from the Inside Out: https://www.amazon.com/Killing-Inside-Out-Moral-Injury-ebook/dp/B00NVN93EM/ref=sr_1_1?crid=9DXPV3KT88QB&keywords=killing+from+the+inside+out+moral+injury+and+just+war&qid=1576704840&sprefix=killing+from+the+in%2Caps%2C283&sr=8-1
• The War Prayer by Mark Twain: https://warprayer.org/
• It was brought to my attention after this episode was created that there are only 3-5 countries (depending on how you count them) which were not controlled in at least some part by European Christendom (Thailand, Japan, Korea, and Liberia). But even the states which weren't controlled were heavily influenced, and largely uncontested due to their value as either a place to dump baggage (Liberia - slaves you didn't want to become citizens) or use as a buffer against other countries (Thailand).
  https://www.vox.com/platform/amp/2014/6/24/5835320/map-in-the-whole-world-only-these-five-countries-escaped-european

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George Cannon, predecessor of the Truman Doctrine, in a memo (1948): https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Memo_PPS23_by_George_Kennan
"Furthermore, we have about 50% of the world's wealth but only 6.3% of its population. This disparity is particularly great as between ourselves and the peoples of Asia. In this situation, we cannot fail to be the object of envy and resentment. Our real task in the coming period is to devise a pattern of relationships which will permit us to maintain this position of disparity without positive detriment to our national security. To do so, we will have to dispense with all sentimentality and day-dreaming; and our attention will have to be concentrated everywhere on our immediate national objectives. We need not deceive ourselves that we can afford today the luxury of altruism and world-benefaction."

• Scene On Radio's episode on the American Empire: http://www.sceneonradio.org/s4-e9-american-empire/
• Bible Project Revelation 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5nvVVcYD-0w
• A  book looking at all of the major American wars: https://amishcountrygoods.com/product/christianity-war-and-americas-salvation-story/

• America Invades: The Controversial Story of How We've Invaded or Been Militarily Involved with Almost Every Country on Earth: https://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00R1ZXKMW/ref=ppx_yo_dt_b_d_asin_title_o06?ie=UTF8&psc=1

• Behind the Bastards Podcast on Soleimani (explicit language): https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/behind-the-bastards/id1373812661?i=1000461883289
• War is a Racket: https://www.amazon.com/War-Racket-Antiwar-Americas-Decorated-ebook/dp/B00E25IYES/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=war+is+a+racket&qid=1592924412&s=digital-text&sr=1-1 
• Only 3 Countries in which the U.S. hasn't had boots on the ground, and only 2 with which we've had no military dealings whatsoever: https://www.wearethemighty.com/articles/these-are-the-only-3-countries-america-hasnt-invaded
• America's assassination in the Congo: https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/jan/17/patrice-lumumba-50th-anniversary-assassination
• Tuskegee Experiment: https://www.history.com/news/the-infamous-40-year-tuskegee-study
• Forced Eugenics of Minorities: https://today.duke.edu/2020/07/new-paper-examines-disproportionate-effect-eugenics-nc%E2%80%99s-black-population
• Jesse Washington: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CiyQFG6uHgg
• Torture and Burning of Henry Smith: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Smith_(lynching_victim)
• Dan Carlin on torture: https://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-61-blitz-painfotainment/
• Mcnamara's Folly: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_J2VwFDV4-g&t=1s
• Philippine Genocide: https://britsinthephilippines.top/philippines-genocide-3-million-filipinos-killed/
• Children in the Civil Right's Movement: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hCxE6i_SzoQ
• Ota Benga: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaKgDugiQh4
• Zinned Project on obscured history: https://www.zinnedproject.org/if-we-knew-our-history/
• Chomsky on Haiti: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OVVRoWxFB1s&t=2698s
• Chomsky on U.S. Imperialism: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7PdJ9TAdTdA&t=1028s
• Trail of Tears: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SosZ2ZRJymU
• Buck vs. Bell Forced Sterilization: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eZQkCSuXZ0U
• America Invades: How We've Invaded or been Militarily Involved with almost Every Country on Earth https://www.amazon.com/dp/1940598427/ref=cm_sw_r_cp_api_i_Vi9-EbD56NCZM
• Forced Sterilization Interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3_c9pZ4SKc
• Forced Sterilization of Immigrants in 2020: https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/sep/14/ice-detainees-hysterectomies-medical-neglect-irwin-georgia
• The Civil War as a Theological Crisis [An interesting read by Evangelical Protestant Mark Noll. He writes many history accounts you can read, but this one in particular helped me to understand how we developed to the point we are now and how some of our idols have been fashioned and maintained.]: https://www.amazon.com/Theological-Crisis-Steven-Janice-Lectures-ebook/dp/B00W1W601S/ref=sr_1_3?dchild=1&keywords=mark+noll&qid=1586187452&sr=8-3
• Cornel West's "Democracy Matters:" https://www.amazon.com/Democracy-Matters-Winning-Against-Imperialism/dp/B0009JON0U/ref=sr_1_1?d...

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• War is a Racket: https://www.amazon.com/War-Racket-Original-Smedley-Butler/dp/1939438586/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=war+is+a+racket&qid=1576982864&sr=8-1

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• Hauerwas on the "Sacrifices of War and the Sacrifice of Christ:" https://www.abc.net.au/religion/the-sacrifices-of-war-and-the-sacrifice-of-christ/10098368
• War and the American Difference: https://www.amazon.com/War-American-Difference-Theological-Reflections/dp/0801039290

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• PCA Position paper on nuclear weapons: https://web.archive.org/web/20190303185338/http://www.pcahistory.org/pca/1-439.pdf
• Why Civil Resistance Works: https://cup.columbia.edu/book/why-civil-resistance-works/9780231156820
• Gene Sharp: https://www.amazon.com/Gene-Sharp/s?k=Gene+Sharp
• Gun behind every blade of grass: Apparently not verifiable. That being said, I think the point of the statement stands. With as armed as the citizenry of the U.S. is, certainly that would be a factor an invading force would consider. https://www.factcheck.org/2009/05/misquoting-yamamoto/
• City of Refuge Podcast: https://wagingnonviolence.org/podcast/

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• What Would You Do?: https://www.amazon.com/What-Would-John-Howard-Yoder/dp/0836136039/ref=sr_1_3?keywords=what+would+you+do+yoder&qid=1578024472&sr=8-3
• Victories Without Violence: https://www.amazon.com/Victories-Without-Violence-Ruth-Fry/dp/0943734061/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=victories+without+violence&qid=1578024466&sr=8-1

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• Anatomy of a Hybrid: https://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0802816150/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=anatomy+of+a+hybrid&qid=1578024564&sr=8-1
• Dan Carlin on torture and violence: https://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-61-blitz-painfotainment/
• 13th Amendment Film: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/13th_(film)
• Westminster Confession change to article 23: https://www.opc.org/documents/WCF_orig.html
• Belgic Confession Article 36: https://www.crcna.org/welcome/beliefs/confessions/belgic-confession
• Lynching of Jesse Washington: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynching_of_Jesse_Washington
• Justice Department Lawyer defends inhumane treatment: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FzZwca4rEWc&feature=youtu.be

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• Anatomy of a Hybrid: https://www.amazon.com/gp/offer-listing/0802816150/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=anatomy+of+a+hybrid&qid=1578024564&sr=8-1
• Dan Carlin on torture and violence: https://www.dancarlin.com/product/hardcore-history-61-blitz-painfotainment/
• Chomsky on Religion: https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=2&v=SNDG7ErY-k4&feature=emb_logo
• Chomsky "Why They Hate the West:" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g7HqfqtlueI&t=156s
• Chomsky "How to Create a Terrorist:" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=708pvp0E9dI

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• John Wesley's Arguments Against the Revolution: https://www.consource.org/document/a-calm-address-to-our-american-colonies-by-john-wesley-1775/
• The Historic Faith Courses (particularly "The Myth of Christian America"): https://thehistoricfaith.com/
• The Myth of a Christian Nation: https://www.amazon.com/Myth-Christian-Nation-Political-Destroying/dp/0310267315/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=myth+of+a+christian+nation&qid=1596814955&s=books&sr=1-1
• Thanksgiving and Genocide: https://www.rivalnations.org/thanksgiving-genocide/
• Farewell to Mars: https://www.amazon.com/Farewell-Mars-Evangelical-Pastors-Biblical-ebook/dp/B00I65455C/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=farewell+to+mars&qid=1596814981&sr=8-1
• Legacy of Ashes: https://www.amazon.com/Legacy-of-Ashes-The-History-of-the-CIA/dp/0307389006/ref=cm_cr_arp_d_rvw_txt?ie=UTF8

• America Invades: The Controversial Story of How We've Invaded or Been Militarily Involved with Almost Every Country on Earth: https://www.amazon.com/America-Invades-Controversial-Militarily-Involved-ebook/dp/B00R1ZXKMW/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=America+invades&qid=1596814737&sr=8-1

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I would take exception with Willard on two parts, however. The first is that Willard seems to view some of the SOTM (especially the beatitudes) with a more eschatological lens. While he definitely emphasizes that the Kingdom is now, there are moments where I feel like he overspiritualizes it into two distinct kingdoms (the spiritual and the human/physical) rather than integrating the two kingdoms, though he certainly does this much less than most other Evangelicals.

The second area I'd push back on is Willard's dismissal of the Beatitudes as prescriptive. While I do agree with him that at least some are not prescriptive in the sense that we should go out and seek them (e.g. seeking persecution and trying to get killed for your faith is not good), I think they are semi-prescriptive in an indicative sense. What I mean by that is I don't think we seek persecution, but I think that when we truly seek and follow Jesus, our lives are the type which will almost certainly bring some level of persecution. Most, if not all of the other beatitudes fall in that same vein. If we are humble we will likely be meek and poor in spirit. If we hold our resources with an open hand because we recognize they are God's and don't worry about tomorrow, we'll likely have a difficult life. And Jesus told us that the gospel will bring division in families. So we will be a people who have much opportunity to mourn. In that sense, I think the life which is prescriptive, if followed, tends to lead towards the Beatitudes, while some of those things are not meant to be sought in and of themselves.

https://www.amazon.com/Divine-Conspiracy-first-Text-Only/dp/B004TJWC7M/ref=sr_1_2?crid=2TKRZIONHZRVE&dchild=1&keywords=the+divine+conspiracy+by+dallas+willard&qid=1587258908&s=audible&sprefix=the+divine+conspiracy%2Caudible%2C178&sr=1-2-catcorr

• A huge thanks to Joseph McDade for his generous permission to use his music: https://josephmcdade.com/
• Thanks to Palmtoptiger17 for the beautiful logo: https://www.instagram.com/palmtoptiger17/
• Discord Discussion Board: https://disboard.org/server/474580298630430751 
• The Historic Faith Courses: https://thehistoricfaith.com/

• Tolstoy's "What I Believe:" https://www.amazon.com/Spiritual-Works-Leo-Tolstoy-Correspondences-ebook/dp/B01DY83DC6/ref=sr_1_6?dchild=1&keywords=tolstoy+what+i+believe&qid=1585870266&sr=8-6
• My Sonnet Compilation: https://www.amazon.com/My-First-Sonnets-J-G-Elliot-ebook/dp/B01LXXIIQN/ref=sr_1_2?dchild=1&keywords=my+first+sonnets&qid=1585870352&sr=8-2
• Richard Rohr's "Sermon on the Mount": https://www.amazon.com/dp/B003A0IASQ/ref=cm_sw_r_em_api_uOXEFbGCN7ASQ
• Dallas Willard's "The Divine Conspiracy": https://www.amazon.com/Divine-Conspiracy-Rediscovering-Hidden-Life/dp/0007596545/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=dallas+willard+divine+conspiracy&qid=1601907374&sr=8-1

• J
• Phillip Mast
• Laverne Miller
• Jesse Killion