But this isn’t a doom-and-gloom story. Featuring insights from research integrity experts Joanna Diong and René Aquarius, the conversation explores the human, institutional, and systemic forces shaping modern science. From perverse incentives and publication pressure to grassroots sleuthing communities fighting back, this episode asks a critical question: can we still trust science, and if so, what will it take to protect that trust?

Key Takeaways

• The scale of the problem has changed: Scientific errors and fraud aren’t new, but AI and paper mills are amplifying them dramatically.
• Peer review is under strain: Overworked reviewers and overwhelmed editors are struggling to maintain quality control.
• AI is a double-edged sword: It helps detect fraud (e.g., image duplication tools) but also enables large-scale fabrication.
• Incentive systems are broken: Metrics like publication count and H-index can encourage questionable research practices.
• “Stealth corrections” undermine trust: Papers can be altered post-publication without any formal notice to readers.
• Responsibility is diffuse: No single actor can fix the system; change requires collective effort across the ecosystem.

Biographies

Co-host

Yagmur Ozturk is a PhD candidate in the ERC Nanobubbles project based at Grenoble Alpes University, France. Within this project, she works on building semi-automatic systems to help with post-publication peer review. She also serves as a maintainer for the Collection of Open Science Integrity Guides (COSIG), working on curating accessible guides for everyone to do forensic peer review. 

Guests

René Aquarius is a biomedical scientist working at the Neurosurgery department of the Radboud University Medical Center in Nijmegen, The Netherlands. Besides his regular work, which focuses mainly on systematic reviews, as well as in vivo, in vitro, and clinical research in the field of vascular neurosurgery, he has also been active as a so-called "science sleuth" for the last two years. As a science sleuth, he is focusing mostly on finding image-related issues in scientific articles.

Dr. Joanna Diong is a Senior Lecturer at The University of Sydney. Her research program aims to improve the value of health and medical research by using epidemiological methods to find and test ways to improve research quality. She serves as Research Integrity Advisor for the Faculty of Medicine and Health, champions good research practices through the Association for Interdisciplinary Meta-Research and Open Science (AIMOS), and has been awarded for her contributions to peer review and improving research quality. 

Chapter Timestamps

• 00:00 – The “impossible rat” and why trust in science is under pressure
• 01:44 – AI in research: tool or threat?
• 03:04 – AI-generated fraud and hallucinated citations
• 05:17 – Peer review under strain & publishing incentives
• 07:43 – Why research integrity matters (historical context)
• 08:53 – René’s origin story: spotting widespread issues
• 11:20 – How institutions handle research integrity
• 15:28 – What happens when misconduct is reported
• 18:05 – Why researchers cut corners
• 21:23 – Introducing COSIG and open integrity guides
• 24:24 – What are stealth corrections?
• 27:48 – Risks and backlash faced by sleuths
• 29:05 – Can we tell fraud from honest mistakes?
• 31:28 – How the research community responds
• 35:45 – Why integrity tools need to be accessible
• 36:32 – Who is responsible for fixing science?
• 41:20 – Rethinking peer review and trust systems
• 46:24 – What listeners can do to help
• 48:39 – Final reflections: the future of trust in science

Music: Upbeat Corporate by JP Bianchini. Produced by Rippling Ideas for the Science Integrity Alliance.