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    <title>Rhetorical Leadership</title>
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    <description>Join Dr. David Isaksen and his guests from academia, communications consulting, and politics in discussions about what it means to lead people by persuasion rather than by force/rank/bargaining.</description>
    <copyright>© 2025 David Erland Isaksen</copyright>
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    <pubDate>Wed, 23 Jul 2025 07:35:32 -0700</pubDate>
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      <title>Rhetorical Leadership</title>
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    <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
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    <itunes:summary>Join Dr. David Isaksen and his guests from academia, communications consulting, and politics in discussions about what it means to lead people by persuasion rather than by force/rank/bargaining.</itunes:summary>
    <itunes:subtitle>Join Dr.</itunes:subtitle>
    <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Enhet for digitalisering og utdanningskvalitet</itunes:name>
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    <itunes:complete>No</itunes:complete>
    <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    <item>
      <title>Den globale demokratikrisen (Norwegian)</title>
      <itunes:episode>31</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>31</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Den globale demokratikrisen (Norwegian)</itunes:title>
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      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>A recording of my presentation at the "Democracy in Crisis" seminar 16th of November 2024 in Oslo at the House of Literature. The presentation is in Norwegian.</p>]]>
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        <![CDATA[<p>A recording of my presentation at the "Democracy in Crisis" seminar 16th of November 2024 in Oslo at the House of Literature. The presentation is in Norwegian.</p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Nov 2024 04:26:04 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration>1276</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>A recording of my presentation at the "Democracy in Crisis" seminar 16th of November 2024 in Oslo at the House of Literature. The presentation is in Norwegian.</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Democracy in Crisis</title>
      <itunes:episode>30</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>30</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Democracy in Crisis</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[<p>For local audiences, join us for a live seminar at the House of Literature (Litteraturhuset) in Oslo 16. november. Sign up for free at https://www.litteraturhuset.no/nb/arrangement/demokratiet-i-krise For global audiences, here is a summary of the current democratic crisis we are living through and all its many aspects. I also discuss why democracy is worth fighting for and what we can do to meet the current crisis. Why is democracy under attack from within as well as from authoritarian dictatorships in other countries? What has happened to the electorate in democracies that leads many of them to elect authoritarians?</p>]]>
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        <![CDATA[<p>For local audiences, join us for a live seminar at the House of Literature (Litteraturhuset) in Oslo 16. november. Sign up for free at https://www.litteraturhuset.no/nb/arrangement/demokratiet-i-krise For global audiences, here is a summary of the current democratic crisis we are living through and all its many aspects. I also discuss why democracy is worth fighting for and what we can do to meet the current crisis. Why is democracy under attack from within as well as from authoritarian dictatorships in other countries? What has happened to the electorate in democracies that leads many of them to elect authoritarians?</p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 11 Nov 2024 02:31:09 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration>1069</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>For local audiences, join us for a live seminar at the House of Literature (Litteraturhuset) in Oslo 16. november. Sign up for free at https://www.litteraturhuset.no/nb/arrangement/demokratiet-i-krise For global audiences, here is a summary of the current democratic crisis we are living through and all its many aspects. I also discuss why democracy is worth fighting for and what we can do to meet the current crisis. Why is democracy under attack from within as well as from authoritarian dictatorships in other countries? What has happened to the electorate in democracies that leads many of them to elect authoritarians?</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Russian Opposition Rhetoric Part 3</title>
      <itunes:episode>29</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>29</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Russian Opposition Rhetoric Part 3</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion. This episode covers the aftermath of Navalny's death and the current disorganized and chaotic state of the Russian opposition. We discuss four speeches by Oleg Orlov, Vladimir Kara-Murza, and Darya Kozyreva and the possible way forward to a free and democratic Russia.</p><p>00:00 Aftermath of Navalny's death and introducing Oleg Orlov<br>00:50 Oleg Orlov's sentencing speech (English)<br>10:39 Oleg Orlov's sentencing speech (Russian)<br>19:50 Reaction and Analysis<br>32:20 Vladimir Kara-Murza's sentencing speech (English)<br>36:14 Vladimir Kara-Murza's sentencing speech (Russian)<br>39:25 Reaction and Analysis<br>1:00:46 Kara-Murza on Lessons Not Learned (English)<br>1:03:40 Kara-Murza on Lessons Not Learned (Russian)<br>1:05:40 The current disorganized state of the Russian opposition<br>1:14:47 Darya Kozyreva sentencing speech (English)<br>1:18:58 Darya Kozyreva sentencing speech (Russian)<br>1:22:27 The need for organization and acknowledging the sadness of a lost country</p>]]>
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      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion. This episode covers the aftermath of Navalny's death and the current disorganized and chaotic state of the Russian opposition. We discuss four speeches by Oleg Orlov, Vladimir Kara-Murza, and Darya Kozyreva and the possible way forward to a free and democratic Russia.</p><p>00:00 Aftermath of Navalny's death and introducing Oleg Orlov<br>00:50 Oleg Orlov's sentencing speech (English)<br>10:39 Oleg Orlov's sentencing speech (Russian)<br>19:50 Reaction and Analysis<br>32:20 Vladimir Kara-Murza's sentencing speech (English)<br>36:14 Vladimir Kara-Murza's sentencing speech (Russian)<br>39:25 Reaction and Analysis<br>1:00:46 Kara-Murza on Lessons Not Learned (English)<br>1:03:40 Kara-Murza on Lessons Not Learned (Russian)<br>1:05:40 The current disorganized state of the Russian opposition<br>1:14:47 Darya Kozyreva sentencing speech (English)<br>1:18:58 Darya Kozyreva sentencing speech (Russian)<br>1:22:27 The need for organization and acknowledging the sadness of a lost country</p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 30 Aug 2024 11:58:52 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/EV3igIh79WT_ed5jovvnYIMuBIGcIo0zPtMLH9ecQjY/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9mZjk0/M2E5MjI3MjEwMzA1/MDllNzBiMjE3MTk4/Y2FmMS5qcGc.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>6626</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion. This episode covers the aftermath of Navalny's death and the current disorganized and chaotic state of the Russian opposition. We discuss four speeches by Oleg Orlov, Vladimir Kara-Murza, and Darya Kozyreva and the possible way forward to a free and democratic Russia.</p><p>00:00 Aftermath of Navalny's death and introducing Oleg Orlov<br>00:50 Oleg Orlov's sentencing speech (English)<br>10:39 Oleg Orlov's sentencing speech (Russian)<br>19:50 Reaction and Analysis<br>32:20 Vladimir Kara-Murza's sentencing speech (English)<br>36:14 Vladimir Kara-Murza's sentencing speech (Russian)<br>39:25 Reaction and Analysis<br>1:00:46 Kara-Murza on Lessons Not Learned (English)<br>1:03:40 Kara-Murza on Lessons Not Learned (Russian)<br>1:05:40 The current disorganized state of the Russian opposition<br>1:14:47 Darya Kozyreva sentencing speech (English)<br>1:18:58 Darya Kozyreva sentencing speech (Russian)<br>1:22:27 The need for organization and acknowledging the sadness of a lost country</p>]]>
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      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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      <title>Russian Opposition Rhetoric Part 2</title>
      <itunes:episode>28</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>28</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Russian Opposition Rhetoric Part 2</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion. This episode covers the last two major speeches Alexei Navalny gave from prison before he was murdered and their impact.</p><p>00:00 Russian invasion, protests, and Navalny's early nationalist politics<br>14:30 Contempt of court speech (English)<br>26:20 Contempt of court speech (Russian)<br>37:41 Reaction and analysis<br>52:19 Navalny's final speech (English)<br>59:51 Navalny's final speech (Russian)<br>1:06:30 Analysis and conclusion</p>]]>
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        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion. This episode covers the last two major speeches Alexei Navalny gave from prison before he was murdered and their impact.</p><p>00:00 Russian invasion, protests, and Navalny's early nationalist politics<br>14:30 Contempt of court speech (English)<br>26:20 Contempt of court speech (Russian)<br>37:41 Reaction and analysis<br>52:19 Navalny's final speech (English)<br>59:51 Navalny's final speech (Russian)<br>1:06:30 Analysis and conclusion</p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Aug 2024 10:36:02 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
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      <itunes:duration>4518</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion. This episode covers the last two major speeches Alexei Navalny gave from prison before he was murdered and their impact.</p><p>00:00 Russian invasion, protests, and Navalny's early nationalist politics<br>14:30 Contempt of court speech (English)<br>26:20 Contempt of court speech (Russian)<br>37:41 Reaction and analysis<br>52:19 Navalny's final speech (English)<br>59:51 Navalny's final speech (Russian)<br>1:06:30 Analysis and conclusion</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, navalny, russia, ukraine, invasion, war, nationalism, dissidents</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Russian Opposition Rhetoric Part 1</title>
      <itunes:episode>27</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>27</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Russian Opposition Rhetoric Part 1</itunes:title>
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      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion.<br>00:00 Introduction Alexei Navalny<br>06:07 Yves Rocher speech, February 2021 (English)<br>18:12 Yves Rocher speech (Russian)<br>29:19 Analysis<br>36:06 Veteran Speech (English)<br>48:12 Veteran Speech (Russian)<br>59:44 Analysis and conclusion of part 1</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion.<br>00:00 Introduction Alexei Navalny<br>06:07 Yves Rocher speech, February 2021 (English)<br>18:12 Yves Rocher speech (Russian)<br>29:19 Analysis<br>36:06 Veteran Speech (English)<br>48:12 Veteran Speech (Russian)<br>59:44 Analysis and conclusion of part 1</p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Thu, 29 Aug 2024 03:35:08 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/RhTp3snYanp_oNUvK1jjP44lSg29ZuJUdLvVVWGWFas/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS80MTBh/Njg1NWYzOTE2ZTI0/YzcyMDdlZjAxYzll/MmE2Yy5qcGc.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3928</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Discussion with a Russian dissident about the rhetoric of the Russian opposition to Vladimir Putin from 2021-2023. We cover four sentencing speeches by Alexei Navalny, as well as sentencing speeches by Vladimir Kara-Murza, Memorial leader Oleg Orlov, and student activist Darya Kozyreva. A three part discussion.<br>00:00 Introduction Alexei Navalny<br>06:07 Yves Rocher speech, February 2021 (English)<br>18:12 Yves Rocher speech (Russian)<br>29:19 Analysis<br>36:06 Veteran Speech (English)<br>48:12 Veteran Speech (Russian)<br>59:44 Analysis and conclusion of part 1</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, russia, navalny, kara-murza, orlov, memorial, ukraine, war, corruption, dissident</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Isocrates' Warning of the Curse of Empire</title>
      <itunes:episode>26</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>26</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Isocrates' Warning of the Curse of Empire</itunes:title>
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      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Over 300 years BCE, Isocrates warned Athenians about the curse of empire in his oration "On the Peace." The central claim was that ruling over an empire was as devastating to the moral well-being of Athens and their potential subject states as tyranny is to a leader and his subjects. He draws a contrast between domination and leadership and points out a future for Athens where they can again lead a benevolent alliance of free city states that will be more stable and more mutually beneficial for all involved.</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Over 300 years BCE, Isocrates warned Athenians about the curse of empire in his oration "On the Peace." The central claim was that ruling over an empire was as devastating to the moral well-being of Athens and their potential subject states as tyranny is to a leader and his subjects. He draws a contrast between domination and leadership and points out a future for Athens where they can again lead a benevolent alliance of free city states that will be more stable and more mutually beneficial for all involved.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Jun 2024 23:20:32 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/f75cbad4/bbe50517.mp3" length="14073768" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/ppH3Ch8CWcmybwFPc1D_WEoDhQgsK2uyMOYdYQCBRO0/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9hMzhl/M2JiNzlhMDBlNjli/MmJjNzNkYzljNmYx/ZGViNi5qcGc.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>1017</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Over 300 years BCE, Isocrates warned Athenians about the curse of empire in his oration "On the Peace." The central claim was that ruling over an empire was as devastating to the moral well-being of Athens and their potential subject states as tyranny is to a leader and his subjects. He draws a contrast between domination and leadership and points out a future for Athens where they can again lead a benevolent alliance of free city states that will be more stable and more mutually beneficial for all involved.</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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    <item>
      <title>Perelman's Arguments Based on the Structure of Reality</title>
      <itunes:episode>25</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>25</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Perelman's Arguments Based on the Structure of Reality</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[<p>Perelman made a category of arguments that he termed to be "based on the structure of reality." Dr. Steven B. Katz joins us to discuss each of the arguments within this category, and how they rely on culturally accepted connections termed "liasons of succession" and "liasons of co-existence" in order to gain acceptance of other claims.  Essentially, you find structures of reality that are already there (already accepted) and then apply them to a specific situation. As Kenneth Burke points out, these structures may only be "natural" in the sense that a path made through a field is natural. Nevertheless, as soon as that structure or path has been made it is there as a structure that can be used to pass from A to B. This episode builds on the episodes "Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation" and "Perelman's Quasi-logical Arguments." </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Perelman made a category of arguments that he termed to be "based on the structure of reality." Dr. Steven B. Katz joins us to discuss each of the arguments within this category, and how they rely on culturally accepted connections termed "liasons of succession" and "liasons of co-existence" in order to gain acceptance of other claims.  Essentially, you find structures of reality that are already there (already accepted) and then apply them to a specific situation. As Kenneth Burke points out, these structures may only be "natural" in the sense that a path made through a field is natural. Nevertheless, as soon as that structure or path has been made it is there as a structure that can be used to pass from A to B. This episode builds on the episodes "Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation" and "Perelman's Quasi-logical Arguments." </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Apr 2024 05:10:12 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/ac482020/4141f466.mp3" length="20481212" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>1372</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Perelman made a category of arguments that he termed to be "based on the structure of reality." Dr. Steven B. Katz joins us to discuss each of the arguments within this category, and how they rely on culturally accepted connections termed "liasons of succession" and "liasons of co-existence" in order to gain acceptance of other claims.  Essentially, you find structures of reality that are already there (already accepted) and then apply them to a specific situation. As Kenneth Burke points out, these structures may only be "natural" in the sense that a path made through a field is natural. Nevertheless, as soon as that structure or path has been made it is there as a structure that can be used to pass from A to B. This episode builds on the episodes "Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation" and "Perelman's Quasi-logical Arguments." </p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Isocrates and Plato on Knowledge and Judgement</title>
      <itunes:episode>24</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>24</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Isocrates and Plato on Knowledge and Judgement</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">d333bc2d-a5f1-4ebc-b7ff-011fe071f9b7</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/24</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Isocrates believed most knowledge needed for practical judgement was contingent and more easily found by internal and external arguments. Plato believed all true knowledge can be derived from first principles. Both were right<br>https://intelligenceofpersuasion.blogspot.com/2012/10/seeking-light-for-ourselves-in-darkness.html?m=1</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Isocrates believed most knowledge needed for practical judgement was contingent and more easily found by internal and external arguments. Plato believed all true knowledge can be derived from first principles. Both were right<br>https://intelligenceofpersuasion.blogspot.com/2012/10/seeking-light-for-ourselves-in-darkness.html?m=1</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 05 Apr 2024 06:23:36 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/e9315bc1/789555b5.mp3" length="8629644" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/Jb9NHBFzchZqnlTxj212JlMTZTn6b4w9tIObZ8cL9RE/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS8yNTY5/ODUxZmI2NzM3YTRk/ZTMwNGVjMjMxYjYy/YWZhNS5qcGc.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>537</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Isocrates believed most knowledge needed for practical judgement was contingent and more easily found by internal and external arguments. Plato believed all true knowledge can be derived from first principles. Both were right<br>https://intelligenceofpersuasion.blogspot.com/2012/10/seeking-light-for-ourselves-in-darkness.html?m=1</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:transcript url="https://share.transistor.fm/s/e9315bc1/transcript.txt" type="text/plain"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Serbian Nationalism and the Embers of Genocide</title>
      <itunes:episode>23</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>23</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Serbian Nationalism and the Embers of Genocide</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">d8b5fccc-82da-4aa4-8cc2-1c9ff01ea796</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/23</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Ivana Stradner, who grew up in Serbia, discusses the rise of Serbian nationalism, Putin's strategy of increasing ethnic tensions in the region, and why we may be close to a new war in the Balkans.  </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Ivana Stradner, who grew up in Serbia, discusses the rise of Serbian nationalism, Putin's strategy of increasing ethnic tensions in the region, and why we may be close to a new war in the Balkans.  </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 13 Jul 2023 03:11:31 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/50170464/17bacc61.mp3" length="48405957" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/UY-FRP-qfd0EGiZjdGfNPrvQYjnSi95eYQMCvHiffNI/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzE0MTgyMDUv/MTY4OTI0MzA5MS1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3271</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Ivana Stradner, who grew up in Serbia, discusses the rise of Serbian nationalism, Putin's strategy of increasing ethnic tensions in the region, and why we may be close to a new war in the Balkans.  </p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>serbian nationalism, balkans, bosnia herzegovina, genocide, vucic, russian influence</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chaim Perelman's Quasi-Logical Arguments</title>
      <itunes:episode>22</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>22</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Chaim Perelman's Quasi-Logical Arguments</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">ed34b3d6-f557-4e6c-ae35-4a265637c8b4</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/22</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Perelman made a category of arguments that he termed "quasi-logical." Quasi does not mean "fake" in this context, but just that they are similar to the arguments made in formal logic. Dr. Steven B. Katz joins us to discuss each of the arguments within this category, and how they rely on some of the most basic cognitive patterns that humans use to make sense of the world around us. Because we can perceive similarity, difference, and the relations of parts to the whole, we are able to use these as basis for arguments to move others. This episode builds on the episode "Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation." </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Perelman made a category of arguments that he termed "quasi-logical." Quasi does not mean "fake" in this context, but just that they are similar to the arguments made in formal logic. Dr. Steven B. Katz joins us to discuss each of the arguments within this category, and how they rely on some of the most basic cognitive patterns that humans use to make sense of the world around us. Because we can perceive similarity, difference, and the relations of parts to the whole, we are able to use these as basis for arguments to move others. This episode builds on the episode "Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation." </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 May 2023 03:26:00 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/b9639026/7573c6c8.mp3" length="66288266" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/O50a_L6RiQH48hr-VMWg1c-PQJI1kv-yhLiuExkXJs8/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEzMzcyOTQv/MTY4NDE0NjM2MC1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4426</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Perelman made a category of arguments that he termed "quasi-logical." Quasi does not mean "fake" in this context, but just that they are similar to the arguments made in formal logic. Dr. Steven B. Katz joins us to discuss each of the arguments within this category, and how they rely on some of the most basic cognitive patterns that humans use to make sense of the world around us. Because we can perceive similarity, difference, and the relations of parts to the whole, we are able to use these as basis for arguments to move others. This episode builds on the episode "Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation." </p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>quasi-logical arguments, formal logic, rhetoric, perelman, the new rhetoric, argument of division, argument of consistency, definition, analysis, argumentation</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>India's Majoritarian Autocracy</title>
      <itunes:episode>21</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>21</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>India's Majoritarian Autocracy</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">b5b8c647-2052-4bfc-9f41-ded28e010e0f</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/21</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>In just a few years, India has been transformed from a vibrant liberal democracy to a majoritarian autocracy under Narendra Modi. Under his Hindu majority rule, Muslims and Christians are subjected to extrajudicial killings and mosques and churches are burnt to the ground. Dr. Ashok Swain, a Hindu and Professor of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University, joins Dr. Isaksen and Noor Jahan Khan, who has a Master's degree in Mass Communication from Bangalore University and grew up as a Muslim in India, to talk about how this change came about and what can be done to save Indian democracy.</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>In just a few years, India has been transformed from a vibrant liberal democracy to a majoritarian autocracy under Narendra Modi. Under his Hindu majority rule, Muslims and Christians are subjected to extrajudicial killings and mosques and churches are burnt to the ground. Dr. Ashok Swain, a Hindu and Professor of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University, joins Dr. Isaksen and Noor Jahan Khan, who has a Master's degree in Mass Communication from Bangalore University and grew up as a Muslim in India, to talk about how this change came about and what can be done to save Indian democracy.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 12 May 2023 02:36:05 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/96eb5b68/057c6e6e.mp3" length="82407036" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/5pl27A8odLBQZ-WzEeAQjyiSBNQmryEkWXznPC-PnOs/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEzMzIxODIv/MTY4Mzg4NDE2NS1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>5651</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>In just a few years, India has been transformed from a vibrant liberal democracy to a majoritarian autocracy under Narendra Modi. Under his Hindu majority rule, Muslims and Christians are subjected to extrajudicial killings and mosques and churches are burnt to the ground. Dr. Ashok Swain, a Hindu and Professor of Peace and Conflict Research at Uppsala University, joins Dr. Isaksen and Noor Jahan Khan, who has a Master's degree in Mass Communication from Bangalore University and grew up as a Muslim in India, to talk about how this change came about and what can be done to save Indian democracy.</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>india, modi, narendra modi, majoritarian democracy, illiberal democracy, autocracy, communal riots, Hindu supremacy</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The State of Speech Writing and Eloquence in Norway</title>
      <itunes:episode>20</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>20</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>The State of Speech Writing and Eloquence in Norway</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">2a1b0757-a3f0-4ba4-93d2-bdf5e5b9a3d1</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/20</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>"A speech writer in Norway is supposed to be invisible." Kristine Dahl was working as a lawyer for the Norwegian government when she was asked to help write a speech for a government minister, and that's when she discovered a passion and talent for speech writing. Since then, she has written speeches for many ministers and business leaders, and she shares how she approaches a new assignment, tricks of the trade, the democratic function of her profession, and the current state of eloquence and speech writing in Norway.</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>"A speech writer in Norway is supposed to be invisible." Kristine Dahl was working as a lawyer for the Norwegian government when she was asked to help write a speech for a government minister, and that's when she discovered a passion and talent for speech writing. Since then, she has written speeches for many ministers and business leaders, and she shares how she approaches a new assignment, tricks of the trade, the democratic function of her profession, and the current state of eloquence and speech writing in Norway.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Wed, 26 Apr 2023 13:58:34 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/1480f2aa/c4ca4472.mp3" length="55293819" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/3tpfEU0_VOMBi03VBO9Q_1alruv7oWh97ZjwabYgpG0/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEzMDk3NDQv/MTY4MjU0MjcxNC1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3744</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>"A speech writer in Norway is supposed to be invisible." Kristine Dahl was working as a lawyer for the Norwegian government when she was asked to help write a speech for a government minister, and that's when she discovered a passion and talent for speech writing. Since then, she has written speeches for many ministers and business leaders, and she shares how she approaches a new assignment, tricks of the trade, the democratic function of her profession, and the current state of eloquence and speech writing in Norway.</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>speech writing, Norway, Norwegian government, eloquence, rhetoric, leadership, politicians, political advisors</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Role of Ethos and Identification in Legal Argumentation</title>
      <itunes:episode>19</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>19</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>The Role of Ethos and Identification in Legal Argumentation</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">07b3cba3-cd49-4844-b666-76e7eb4400cc</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/19</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Cherise Bacalski, an appellate attorney who makes oral arguments at the Utah Supreme Court and Utah Court of Appeals, also took a master's degree with an emphasis in rhetoric. She shares how her education in rhetoric helped her to become a better advocate and the role of ethos and identification in legal argumentation. </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Cherise Bacalski, an appellate attorney who makes oral arguments at the Utah Supreme Court and Utah Court of Appeals, also took a master's degree with an emphasis in rhetoric. She shares how her education in rhetoric helped her to become a better advocate and the role of ethos and identification in legal argumentation. </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Apr 2023 23:49:08 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/a7c45693/48744064.mp3" length="53044527" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/IXYhohj9NkXYpBpPSfbBCCdir7FE0LJ80knIiloDXp4/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEyOTMzMTIv/MTY4MTgwMDU0OC1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3601</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Cherise Bacalski, an appellate attorney who makes oral arguments at the Utah Supreme Court and Utah Court of Appeals, also took a master's degree with an emphasis in rhetoric. She shares how her education in rhetoric helped her to become a better advocate and the role of ethos and identification in legal argumentation. </p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>law, supreme court, court of appeals, ethos, credibility, utah, defendant, biases, murder, crime</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Donald Trump's Tyrannical Tendencies</title>
      <itunes:episode>18</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>18</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Donald Trump's Tyrannical Tendencies</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">30a3e6d5-e62e-4586-a793-c71c8ad5cf02</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/18</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Properly understood, the classical image of the tyrant is not a form of government, but rather a disease of the mind. In this episode, Dr. Isaksen revisits a text he wrote in April 2016 describing the classical symptoms of a tyrant and how Trump already then displayed every one of them. It is a modern version of the classical rhetorical exercise "the topos of the tyrant." For more details about the rhetorical exercise, listen to the podcast episode on the topos of the tyrant https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/4  <br>The original text performed in this podcast is available at http://intelligenceofpersuasion.blogspot.com/2016/04/why-trump-is-tyrant.html</p><p>00:00 Trump at CPAC 2023<br>00:57 Revisiting 2016 predictions<br>01:27 How freedom died in antiquity<br>02:57 Those who tried to save it<br>04:32 The Trumpian peril<br>05:42 Trump is a classical tyrant<br>07:16 What Trump could/would do as president<br>10:22 The vices of the tyrant<br>11:06 Suspicion<br>13:02 Arrogance<br>15:06 Cruelty and savagery<br>17:00 Immorality and avarice<br>19:34 Resist tyranny<br>19:51 Our democratic complacency<br>21:17 The weakness of our institutions</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Properly understood, the classical image of the tyrant is not a form of government, but rather a disease of the mind. In this episode, Dr. Isaksen revisits a text he wrote in April 2016 describing the classical symptoms of a tyrant and how Trump already then displayed every one of them. It is a modern version of the classical rhetorical exercise "the topos of the tyrant." For more details about the rhetorical exercise, listen to the podcast episode on the topos of the tyrant https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/4  <br>The original text performed in this podcast is available at http://intelligenceofpersuasion.blogspot.com/2016/04/why-trump-is-tyrant.html</p><p>00:00 Trump at CPAC 2023<br>00:57 Revisiting 2016 predictions<br>01:27 How freedom died in antiquity<br>02:57 Those who tried to save it<br>04:32 The Trumpian peril<br>05:42 Trump is a classical tyrant<br>07:16 What Trump could/would do as president<br>10:22 The vices of the tyrant<br>11:06 Suspicion<br>13:02 Arrogance<br>15:06 Cruelty and savagery<br>17:00 Immorality and avarice<br>19:34 Resist tyranny<br>19:51 Our democratic complacency<br>21:17 The weakness of our institutions</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Apr 2023 03:16:43 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/0930b665/c5b12546.mp3" length="33649340" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/oDTiehn1jRk248RNfNLCDcv6sBqmgh1tR-iew2I6L_w/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEyNzEzMTgv/MTY4MDI2MzY5MC1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>1306</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Properly understood, the classical image of the tyrant is not a form of government, but rather a disease of the mind. In this episode, Dr. Isaksen revisits a text he wrote in April 2016 describing the classical symptoms of a tyrant and how Trump already then displayed every one of them. It is a modern version of the classical rhetorical exercise "the topos of the tyrant." For more details about the rhetorical exercise, listen to the podcast episode on the topos of the tyrant https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/4  <br>The original text performed in this podcast is available at http://intelligenceofpersuasion.blogspot.com/2016/04/why-trump-is-tyrant.html</p><p>00:00 Trump at CPAC 2023<br>00:57 Revisiting 2016 predictions<br>01:27 How freedom died in antiquity<br>02:57 Those who tried to save it<br>04:32 The Trumpian peril<br>05:42 Trump is a classical tyrant<br>07:16 What Trump could/would do as president<br>10:22 The vices of the tyrant<br>11:06 Suspicion<br>13:02 Arrogance<br>15:06 Cruelty and savagery<br>17:00 Immorality and avarice<br>19:34 Resist tyranny<br>19:51 Our democratic complacency<br>21:17 The weakness of our institutions</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Russian Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Awakening in Qazaqstan</title>
      <itunes:episode>17</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>17</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Russian Imperialism and the Post-Colonial Awakening in Qazaqstan</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">03051a67-7f5d-4148-b448-c497707eadf4</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/17</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>When Dr. Azamat Junisbai grew up in Qazaqstan, he looked down on those who spoke Russian with an accent. Although he was an ethnic Qazaq born in Qazaqstan, he had absorbed the colonial mindset that Russian language and culture were superior to the Qazaq language and culture. With Russia's attack on Ukraine, many in Qazaqstan are coming to a reckoning with Russian imperialism and its legacy in Eurasia. As a Qazaq sociologist, Dr. Junisbai shares his unique insights into this ideology and the hold it still has on many Russians.</p><p>00:00 Introducing Dr. Azamat Junisbai<br>00:24 Russia's image of its empire<br>02:16 Growing up in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic<br>04:22 The end of the Soviet Union<br>07:55 The diminished status of the Qazaq language<br>09:30 "How broken and colonized was my mind and language?"<br>11:00 The Asharshylyk (genocide by hunger)<br>12:50 Why the Qazaq Genocide is not more widely acknowledged<br>16:50 Russia as the colonial master<br>17:50 The endurance of the Empire/Soviet Union in the minds of Russians<br>19:20 How Russia's attack on Ukraine has accelerated decolonization<br>23:50 Why Russian imperialists see a weakened Russia as "the end of Russia"<br>26:50 This is Russia's war, not just Putin's war<br>29:00 The Leader and the People in Russian Imperialism<br>32:30 The loss of the Empire<br>34:12 How the Empire is taught and how it may be unlearned<br>37:00 The coming reckoning with Russia's imperialism and colonial history<br>38:30 How the colonial people are dehumanized<br>40:15 Human life has little value in Russian imperialism<br>42:30 It is the natural state of an empire to be at war<br>43:00 "Borders must be drawn with blood"<br>45:00 Controlling land is seen as the greatest value<br>46:25 How Putin uses "the Empire" to stay in power<br>47:34 The contest between the TV and the refrigerator<br>48:12 Trapped behind the Iron Curtain and within the grasp of the Kremlin<br>50:24 Russian defeat could mean another Berlin Wall coming down<br>51:00 Growing post-colonial solidarity between Ukraine and Qazaqstan<br>52:10 The future of Qazaqstan<br></p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>When Dr. Azamat Junisbai grew up in Qazaqstan, he looked down on those who spoke Russian with an accent. Although he was an ethnic Qazaq born in Qazaqstan, he had absorbed the colonial mindset that Russian language and culture were superior to the Qazaq language and culture. With Russia's attack on Ukraine, many in Qazaqstan are coming to a reckoning with Russian imperialism and its legacy in Eurasia. As a Qazaq sociologist, Dr. Junisbai shares his unique insights into this ideology and the hold it still has on many Russians.</p><p>00:00 Introducing Dr. Azamat Junisbai<br>00:24 Russia's image of its empire<br>02:16 Growing up in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic<br>04:22 The end of the Soviet Union<br>07:55 The diminished status of the Qazaq language<br>09:30 "How broken and colonized was my mind and language?"<br>11:00 The Asharshylyk (genocide by hunger)<br>12:50 Why the Qazaq Genocide is not more widely acknowledged<br>16:50 Russia as the colonial master<br>17:50 The endurance of the Empire/Soviet Union in the minds of Russians<br>19:20 How Russia's attack on Ukraine has accelerated decolonization<br>23:50 Why Russian imperialists see a weakened Russia as "the end of Russia"<br>26:50 This is Russia's war, not just Putin's war<br>29:00 The Leader and the People in Russian Imperialism<br>32:30 The loss of the Empire<br>34:12 How the Empire is taught and how it may be unlearned<br>37:00 The coming reckoning with Russia's imperialism and colonial history<br>38:30 How the colonial people are dehumanized<br>40:15 Human life has little value in Russian imperialism<br>42:30 It is the natural state of an empire to be at war<br>43:00 "Borders must be drawn with blood"<br>45:00 Controlling land is seen as the greatest value<br>46:25 How Putin uses "the Empire" to stay in power<br>47:34 The contest between the TV and the refrigerator<br>48:12 Trapped behind the Iron Curtain and within the grasp of the Kremlin<br>50:24 Russian defeat could mean another Berlin Wall coming down<br>51:00 Growing post-colonial solidarity between Ukraine and Qazaqstan<br>52:10 The future of Qazaqstan<br></p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Mar 2023 03:22:14 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/c1b7cb9d/225e39e1.mp3" length="54781433" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/HsklR7ZWmiHtV-igbYiuA_KHo36trE9PQsaCIFXFskY/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEyNDA5MDgv/MTY3ODQ0ODA2My1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3648</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>When Dr. Azamat Junisbai grew up in Qazaqstan, he looked down on those who spoke Russian with an accent. Although he was an ethnic Qazaq born in Qazaqstan, he had absorbed the colonial mindset that Russian language and culture were superior to the Qazaq language and culture. With Russia's attack on Ukraine, many in Qazaqstan are coming to a reckoning with Russian imperialism and its legacy in Eurasia. As a Qazaq sociologist, Dr. Junisbai shares his unique insights into this ideology and the hold it still has on many Russians.</p><p>00:00 Introducing Dr. Azamat Junisbai<br>00:24 Russia's image of its empire<br>02:16 Growing up in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic<br>04:22 The end of the Soviet Union<br>07:55 The diminished status of the Qazaq language<br>09:30 "How broken and colonized was my mind and language?"<br>11:00 The Asharshylyk (genocide by hunger)<br>12:50 Why the Qazaq Genocide is not more widely acknowledged<br>16:50 Russia as the colonial master<br>17:50 The endurance of the Empire/Soviet Union in the minds of Russians<br>19:20 How Russia's attack on Ukraine has accelerated decolonization<br>23:50 Why Russian imperialists see a weakened Russia as "the end of Russia"<br>26:50 This is Russia's war, not just Putin's war<br>29:00 The Leader and the People in Russian Imperialism<br>32:30 The loss of the Empire<br>34:12 How the Empire is taught and how it may be unlearned<br>37:00 The coming reckoning with Russia's imperialism and colonial history<br>38:30 How the colonial people are dehumanized<br>40:15 Human life has little value in Russian imperialism<br>42:30 It is the natural state of an empire to be at war<br>43:00 "Borders must be drawn with blood"<br>45:00 Controlling land is seen as the greatest value<br>46:25 How Putin uses "the Empire" to stay in power<br>47:34 The contest between the TV and the refrigerator<br>48:12 Trapped behind the Iron Curtain and within the grasp of the Kremlin<br>50:24 Russian defeat could mean another Berlin Wall coming down<br>51:00 Growing post-colonial solidarity between Ukraine and Qazaqstan<br>52:10 The future of Qazaqstan<br></p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>russian imperialism, colonialism, ukraine war, putin, qazaqstan, kazakhstan, qazaq language, tokayev, socialization, propaganda, vozd, leadership, violence, asharshylyk</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Covid Debate in Sweden</title>
      <itunes:episode>16</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>16</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>The Covid Debate in Sweden</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">0ff46457-8693-4dd2-a2a4-e1aebe418899</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/16</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Björn Olsen is a Professor of Infection Medicine at the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University in Sweden. He was an active participant in the public policy debate where Sweden chose to disregard the advice and recommendations of the global scientific community and pursue a separate strategy that led to many unnecessary deaths. As a critic of the Swedish strategy, Olsen experienced hostility from the media and the Swedish Public Health Authority, and he reflects on the relationship between science, political power, and public policy debates.</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Björn Olsen is a Professor of Infection Medicine at the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University in Sweden. He was an active participant in the public policy debate where Sweden chose to disregard the advice and recommendations of the global scientific community and pursue a separate strategy that led to many unnecessary deaths. As a critic of the Swedish strategy, Olsen experienced hostility from the media and the Swedish Public Health Authority, and he reflects on the relationship between science, political power, and public policy debates.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Mar 2023 05:45:09 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/95d05ffe/544bd7fd.mp3" length="49573977" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/aLaz7UMIFoKNVkbIDIxxZLICiM2ZLrRBYGnXek96egg/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzEyMzk2NDkv/MTY3ODM2OTUwOS1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3496</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>
        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Björn Olsen is a Professor of Infection Medicine at the Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University in Sweden. He was an active participant in the public policy debate where Sweden chose to disregard the advice and recommendations of the global scientific community and pursue a separate strategy that led to many unnecessary deaths. As a critic of the Swedish strategy, Olsen experienced hostility from the media and the Swedish Public Health Authority, and he reflects on the relationship between science, political power, and public policy debates.</p>]]>
      </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:keywords>covid, science, epidemiology, credibility, argument, giesecke, olsen, tegnell, carlson, sweden, herd immunity</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation</title>
      <itunes:episode>15</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>15</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Chaim Perelman's Theory of Argumentation</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">7504f46c-44a4-47d3-879f-51af52771d62</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/15</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>During the Second World War, Chaim Perelman, a leader in the Jewish Belgian Resistance was writing a philosophical treatise on justice. Frustrated, he discovered that his training in analytic philosophy renedered him unable to make any arguments about why his cause was more just than that of the Nazis, because he had been trained to disregard arguments about values, preferences, or the probable. So Perelman began identifying everyday arguments humans use in newspapers and politics to discover how they work and what foundations they build upon, leading to his and Lucie Albrechts-Tyteca's masterpiece <em>The New Rhetoric</em>. Dr. Richard Enos joins us to discuss Perelman's theory of argumentation and how it provides a basis for making rational arguments and decisions about values. </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>During the Second World War, Chaim Perelman, a leader in the Jewish Belgian Resistance was writing a philosophical treatise on justice. Frustrated, he discovered that his training in analytic philosophy renedered him unable to make any arguments about why his cause was more just than that of the Nazis, because he had been trained to disregard arguments about values, preferences, or the probable. So Perelman began identifying everyday arguments humans use in newspapers and politics to discover how they work and what foundations they build upon, leading to his and Lucie Albrechts-Tyteca's masterpiece <em>The New Rhetoric</em>. Dr. Richard Enos joins us to discuss Perelman's theory of argumentation and how it provides a basis for making rational arguments and decisions about values. </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 19 Nov 2022 22:28:21 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/f58c92dc/fe52de1c.mp3" length="61164074" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/LeI1C9BYSF1vgieAImL9NRG9vVwrUxd3G_5KBTiQjWE/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzExMDI4ODMv/MTY2ODkyNTcwMS1h/cnR3b3JrLmpwZw.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4441</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Richard Enos joins us to discuss Perelman's theory of argumentation and how it provides a basis for making rational arguments and decisions about values. </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Richard Enos joins us to discuss Perelman's theory of argumentation and how it provides a basis for making rational arguments and decisions about values. </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>new rhetoric, new rhetorics, perelman, ww2, justice, positivism, rhetoric, argumentation, universal audience, quasi-logical arguments, arguments based on the structure of reality, arguments to establish a structure of reality</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:person role="Guest" href="https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/people/dr-richard-leo-enos">Dr. Richard Leo Enos</podcast:person>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Demagoguery and Democracy Part 2: Defining Demagoguery and Defending Democracy</title>
      <itunes:episode>14</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>14</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Demagoguery and Democracy Part 2: Defining Demagoguery and Defending Democracy</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">0e0719cb-b6bd-4abc-94b2-39d9f2ca1195</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/14</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>00:00 <strong>Defining demagoguery</strong><br>04:00 Why Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt were not demagogues<br>10:30 Case Study: Earl Warren's demagogic argument about Japanese Internment<br>12:20 Threat perception and demagoguery/ "The Flight 93 Election"<br>14:40 Signs and evidence of threats<br>15:45 Demagoguery in the gay marriage debate<br>17:30 Demagoguery as "algae in a pond" allegory<br>18:30 How Trump out-competed other demagogues<br>21:20 Trump as a large Salomon Asch experiment on the nation<br>23:30 How dishonest media give demagogues the cover to flip<br>24:45 Rush Limbaugh and conservative talk radio as a case study in demagogue/demagogic culture<br>29:30 How media revolutions coincide with the rise of demagogues<br>30:45 The solution: we have to stop buying demagoguery<br>31:50 What inspired this book<br>33:00 Lesser and greater demagogues<br>34:10 In-group policing as a parry against demagogues (McCarthyism/Birchers)<br>36:10 The extremism of the current GOP base and the "ends justify any means" argument<br>37:20 The need for leadership and a reckoning to defeat demagoguery<br>39:30 Why "suspending democratic norms" is a one-way street<br>40:35 Rejecting "our" demagogues<br>42:15 Institutional remedies for demagoguery<br>43:20 Two-party systems and us/them rhetoric<br>44:45 How demagogues create us/them in multi-party systems<br>45:15 Gerrymandering, safe seats, and partisan extremism<br>46:05 <strong>What can WE do?</strong><br>46:15 1. Make demagoguery less profitable/successful<br>46:52 2. Not argue with those who repeat demagoguery, but engage with them<br>49:18 3. Argue with those who repeat demagoguery, but stick to the issue at hand<br>50:25 4. Actively support democratic deliberation<br>51:00 Don't take your democratic freedoms for granted<br>52:19 Never-Trump Republicans and cross-party coalitions for democratic norms<br>56:00 Democracy is fragile and needs our commitment<br>56:45 Remembering the lessons of WWII and demagoguery<br>1:00:00 "Purifying" our public sphere is not a solution<br>1:00:50 Creating a culture "parry" for the thrust of demagoguery<br>1:01:48 How important should politics be in our lives?<br>1:03:20 Paul Woodruff's democratic values of "harmony" and "reverence"<br>1:04:30 Learning to get along</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>00:00 <strong>Defining demagoguery</strong><br>04:00 Why Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt were not demagogues<br>10:30 Case Study: Earl Warren's demagogic argument about Japanese Internment<br>12:20 Threat perception and demagoguery/ "The Flight 93 Election"<br>14:40 Signs and evidence of threats<br>15:45 Demagoguery in the gay marriage debate<br>17:30 Demagoguery as "algae in a pond" allegory<br>18:30 How Trump out-competed other demagogues<br>21:20 Trump as a large Salomon Asch experiment on the nation<br>23:30 How dishonest media give demagogues the cover to flip<br>24:45 Rush Limbaugh and conservative talk radio as a case study in demagogue/demagogic culture<br>29:30 How media revolutions coincide with the rise of demagogues<br>30:45 The solution: we have to stop buying demagoguery<br>31:50 What inspired this book<br>33:00 Lesser and greater demagogues<br>34:10 In-group policing as a parry against demagogues (McCarthyism/Birchers)<br>36:10 The extremism of the current GOP base and the "ends justify any means" argument<br>37:20 The need for leadership and a reckoning to defeat demagoguery<br>39:30 Why "suspending democratic norms" is a one-way street<br>40:35 Rejecting "our" demagogues<br>42:15 Institutional remedies for demagoguery<br>43:20 Two-party systems and us/them rhetoric<br>44:45 How demagogues create us/them in multi-party systems<br>45:15 Gerrymandering, safe seats, and partisan extremism<br>46:05 <strong>What can WE do?</strong><br>46:15 1. Make demagoguery less profitable/successful<br>46:52 2. Not argue with those who repeat demagoguery, but engage with them<br>49:18 3. Argue with those who repeat demagoguery, but stick to the issue at hand<br>50:25 4. Actively support democratic deliberation<br>51:00 Don't take your democratic freedoms for granted<br>52:19 Never-Trump Republicans and cross-party coalitions for democratic norms<br>56:00 Democracy is fragile and needs our commitment<br>56:45 Remembering the lessons of WWII and demagoguery<br>1:00:00 "Purifying" our public sphere is not a solution<br>1:00:50 Creating a culture "parry" for the thrust of demagoguery<br>1:01:48 How important should politics be in our lives?<br>1:03:20 Paul Woodruff's democratic values of "harmony" and "reverence"<br>1:04:30 Learning to get along</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2021 05:48:24 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/fab39010/b82cfd98.mp3" length="63131165" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/j1xEjdaqxZ5MuQoQCXSRgBjNIIHhmUVFeIpfBj8IuD8/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQ2OTMwNi8x/NjEzNzQyNTA0LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>3943</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Patricia Roberts-Miller, author of "Demagoguery and Democracy," gives her definition of demagoguery, explains how and why it works, and gives us some institutional and personal tools we can use to defend democracy. Recorded February 1, 2021.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Patricia Roberts-Miller, author of "Demagoguery and Democracy," gives her definition of demagoguery, explains how and why it works, and gives us some institutional and personal tools we can use to defend democracy. Recorded February 1, 2021.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Demagoguery and Democracy Part 1: Vladimir's Choice and Zero-sum Politics</title>
      <itunes:episode>13</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>13</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Demagoguery and Democracy Part 1: Vladimir's Choice and Zero-sum Politics</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">b57fcf60-6346-446f-bff6-61610267cc88</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/13</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[Dr. Patricia Roberts-Miller, author of "Demagoguery and Democracy," talks about how demagogues arise out of a demagogic culture, the forms of argument we can recognize as demagoguery, their appeal, and why a culture of demagoguery is corrosive to democratic deliberation.]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Dr. Patricia Roberts-Miller, author of "Demagoguery and Democracy," talks about how demagogues arise out of a demagogic culture, the forms of argument we can recognize as demagoguery, their appeal, and why a culture of demagoguery is corrosive to democratic deliberation.]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 11 Feb 2021 05:15:23 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/34634e2d/34663449.mp3" length="81460832" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/Yr-gsUvbuXe5RwaSisCKhlDYS25FQsIhWuUv4QIKV8E/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQ2MTI0MC8x/NjEzMDQ5MzIzLWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4906</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Patricia Roberts-Miller, author of "Demagoguery and Democracy," talks about how demagogues arise out of a demagogic culture, the forms of argument we can recognize as demagoguery, their appeal, and why a culture of demagoguery is corrosive to democratic deliberation.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Patricia Roberts-Miller, author of "Demagoguery and Democracy," talks about how demagogues arise out of a demagogic culture, the forms of argument we can recognize as demagoguery, their appeal, and why a culture of demagoguery is corrosive to democrat</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>demagoguery, demagogues, demagogic culture, democracy, rhetoric, deliberation, authoritarianism, Weimar Republic, democratic ideals, liberal democracy</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quintilian: The Master Teacher of Rhetoric</title>
      <itunes:episode>12</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>12</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Quintilian: The Master Teacher of Rhetoric</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">d98f04f9-3314-4279-b8f8-4c6d73cb3518</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/12</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[Although from humble origins, Quintilian rose to prominence in Rome as a teacher of rhetoric and became the first imperial endowed chair in rhetoric in Rome. He was a skilled and compassionate educator who tried to help his students become the "vir bonus" or "good man speaking well." Towards the end of his life, he summarized his educational methods and philosophy in the "Institutes of Oratory" and laid the foundation for classical education that would last for centuries.  ]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Although from humble origins, Quintilian rose to prominence in Rome as a teacher of rhetoric and became the first imperial endowed chair in rhetoric in Rome. He was a skilled and compassionate educator who tried to help his students become the "vir bonus" or "good man speaking well." Towards the end of his life, he summarized his educational methods and philosophy in the "Institutes of Oratory" and laid the foundation for classical education that would last for centuries.  ]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Tue, 22 Dec 2020 07:50:04 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/e6e8bd53/c2272a02.mp3" length="75635448" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/FHI02illVSMpj0nhHwoBCN3PKfV1ewJU_yaWHu-wHHM/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQyNjUwNS8x/NjA4NjUyMjA0LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4643</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Although from humble origins, Quintilian rose to prominence in Rome as a teacher of rhetoric and became the first imperial endowed chair in rhetoric in Rome. He was a skilled and compassionate educator who tried to help his students become the "vir bonus" or "good man speaking well." Towards the end of his life, he summarized his educational methods and philosophy in the "Institutes of Oratory" and laid the foundation for classical education that would last for centuries.  </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Although from humble origins, Quintilian rose to prominence in Rome as a teacher of rhetoric and became the first imperial endowed chair in rhetoric in Rome. He was a skilled and compassionate educator who tried to help his students become the "vir bonus"</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:person role="Guest" href="https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/people/dr-richard-leo-enos">Dr. Richard Leo Enos</podcast:person>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Cicero: The Eloquent Defender of the Republic</title>
      <itunes:episode>11</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>11</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Cicero: The Eloquent Defender of the Republic</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">d0915bfd-aeb8-46d1-a67e-7ce71b1d1b3e</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/11</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[Cicero gave his life defending the Roman republic from the emerging tyrants and saw rhetoric as tool to build, uphold, and defend a free and just society. In his writings on rhetoric and politics, he describes the virtues and skills needed by someone who would unite wisdom and eloquence to become the ideal orator. Dr. Enos joins us to discuss his life, writings, and legacy.]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Cicero gave his life defending the Roman republic from the emerging tyrants and saw rhetoric as tool to build, uphold, and defend a free and just society. In his writings on rhetoric and politics, he describes the virtues and skills needed by someone who would unite wisdom and eloquence to become the ideal orator. Dr. Enos joins us to discuss his life, writings, and legacy.]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 14 Dec 2020 08:30:16 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/a369f33e/fa5cf0cf.mp3" length="74580095" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/9gGAiqMnKI7ZCWnXILwRSfOsZV-q1b2LY6RqsNiXAIs/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQyMTAwNi8x/NjA3OTYzNDE2LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4610</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Cicero gave his life defending the Roman republic from the emerging tyrants and saw rhetoric as tool to build, uphold, and defend a free and just society. In his writings on rhetoric and politics, he describes the virtues and skills needed by someone who would unite wisdom and eloquence to become the ideal orator. Dr. Enos joins us to discuss his life, writings, and legacy.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Cicero gave his life defending the Roman republic from the emerging tyrants and saw rhetoric as tool to build, uphold, and defend a free and just society. In his writings on rhetoric and politics, he describes the virtues and skills needed by someone who </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:person role="Guest" href="https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/people/dr-richard-leo-enos">Dr. Richard Leo Enos</podcast:person>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aristotle's Art of Rhetoric and Its Legacy</title>
      <itunes:episode>10</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>10</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Aristotle's Art of Rhetoric and Its Legacy</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">b964f89d-09ed-405b-9fa9-d47100b14165</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/10</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[Aristotle wrote a work on rhetoric that would define a discipline. He rejected Plato's denunciation of rhetoric and showed why it is an art, a discipline, or a science and gathered the gems of all the manuals of rhetoric up to his day in a work that has endured for over 2000 years. Richard Enos and David Isaksen discuss some of its main contributions to rhetorical studies and what you can learn from it to give a good speech and lead ethically by persuasion.]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Aristotle wrote a work on rhetoric that would define a discipline. He rejected Plato's denunciation of rhetoric and showed why it is an art, a discipline, or a science and gathered the gems of all the manuals of rhetoric up to his day in a work that has endured for over 2000 years. Richard Enos and David Isaksen discuss some of its main contributions to rhetorical studies and what you can learn from it to give a good speech and lead ethically by persuasion.]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 30 Nov 2020 07:51:50 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/8dc62259/a16202ec.mp3" length="86340268" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/Xg4uDG_W6HC-QYRH7TsjOZt0TtgjU2S7YGrNoRIA-SQ/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQxMTE4NS8x/NjA2NzUxNTEwLWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>5168</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Aristotle wrote a work on rhetoric that would define a discipline. He rejected Plato's denunciation of rhetoric and showed why it is an art, a discipline, or a science and gathered the gems of all the manuals of rhetoric up to his day in a work that has endured for over 2000 years. Richard Enos and David Isaksen discuss some of its main contributions to rhetorical studies and what you can learn from it to give a good speech and lead ethically by persuasion.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Aristotle wrote a work on rhetoric that would define a discipline. He rejected Plato's denunciation of rhetoric and showed why it is an art, a discipline, or a science and gathered the gems of all the manuals of rhetoric up to his day in a work that has e</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:person role="Guest" href="https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/people/dr-richard-leo-enos">Dr. Richard Leo Enos</podcast:person>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Style, Memory, and Delivery: Mastering the Art of Public Speaking</title>
      <itunes:episode>8</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>8</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Style, Memory, and Delivery: Mastering the Art of Public Speaking</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">adb0d730-581b-45c8-bf4f-3a4e4f3590e2</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/8</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[UK award-winning public speaker, Simon Day, shares his journey from being terrified of public speaking to mastering the art, as well as some of the secrets to his success including adopting and adapting the rhetorical style of Barack Obama, learning the Memory Palace technique, storytelling, and perfecting his delivery with lessons from music. Find more from Simon at https://simonspeaks.co.uk/ ]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[UK award-winning public speaker, Simon Day, shares his journey from being terrified of public speaking to mastering the art, as well as some of the secrets to his success including adopting and adapting the rhetorical style of Barack Obama, learning the Memory Palace technique, storytelling, and perfecting his delivery with lessons from music. Find more from Simon at https://simonspeaks.co.uk/ ]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Nov 2020 06:19:40 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/d5641a7a/09b8038a.mp3" length="120553885" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/dOAoWoCi4f2adlwqRsQXLAyXBw8T-TWmipAcwADtx1w/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQxMDE0NS8x/NjA2NTczMzQ2LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>7397</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>UK award-winning public speaker, Simon Day, shares his journey from being terrified of public speaking to mastering the art, as well as some of the secrets to his success including adopting and adapting the rhetorical style of Barack Obama, learning the Memory Palace technique, storytelling, and perfecting his delivery with lessons from music. Find more from Simon at https://simonspeaks.co.uk/ </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>UK award-winning public speaker, Simon Day, shares his journey from being terrified of public speaking to mastering the art, as well as some of the secrets to his success including adopting and adapting the rhetorical style of Barack Obama, learning the M</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>public speaking, toastmasters, public speaking association, rhetoric, memory, style, delivery</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Isocrates: The Father of Eloquence</title>
      <itunes:episode>7</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>7</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Isocrates: The Father of Eloquence</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">c7078dbf-229b-4662-ad04-bbaabe7e92c2</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/7</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[Cicero called Isocrates "the father of eloquence" and said that from his school proceeded giants who had an enormous influence on Athenian society and Greek culture, but he is often overlooked in histories of rhetoric and philosophy. In this episode, Richard Enos and David Isaksen discuss his contributions to the philosophy and teaching of rhetoric. Positioning himself between the philosophers and the sophists, Isocrates developed a school of wisdom joined with eloquence for the benefit of a democratic society. ]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Cicero called Isocrates "the father of eloquence" and said that from his school proceeded giants who had an enormous influence on Athenian society and Greek culture, but he is often overlooked in histories of rhetoric and philosophy. In this episode, Richard Enos and David Isaksen discuss his contributions to the philosophy and teaching of rhetoric. Positioning himself between the philosophers and the sophists, Isocrates developed a school of wisdom joined with eloquence for the benefit of a democratic society. ]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2020 07:35:18 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/2b11d279/087311d9.mp3" length="71189248" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/qzTIeGE2pL5RXO5fOytuxI8Hxt7W8NuJCvP7I2B84cI/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQwNzE0NC8x/NjA2MTQ1NzE4LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4260</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Cicero called Isocrates "the father of eloquence" and said that from his school proceeded giants who had an enormous influence on Athenian society and Greek culture, but he is often overlooked in histories of rhetoric and philosophy. In this episode, Richard Enos and David Isaksen discuss his contributions to the philosophy and teaching of rhetoric. Positioning himself between the philosophers and the sophists, Isocrates developed a school of wisdom joined with eloquence for the benefit of a democratic society. </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Cicero called Isocrates "the father of eloquence" and said that from his school proceeded giants who had an enormous influence on Athenian society and Greek culture, but he is often overlooked in histories of rhetoric and philosophy. In this episode, Rich</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>isocrates, antidosis, eloquence, cicero, athens, sophists, plato, socrates, on the peace, literate rhetoric</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:person role="Guest" href="https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/people/dr-richard-leo-enos">Dr. Richard Leo Enos</podcast:person>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Orality, Literacy, and the Birth of Rhetoric</title>
      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>6</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Orality, Literacy, and the Birth of Rhetoric</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">7d7d7cd1-ca0b-4866-a031-a4891cf682f4</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/6</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[Dr. Richard L. Enos, expert on classical rhetoric, shares some of his insights on the historical moment in antiquity where rhetoric was conceived as a discipline. The innovation of the alphabet gave a larger portion of society easy access to tools for abstract thought, leading to fundamental changes in society. Dr. Enos traces how the ancient traditions of oral histories and memorization techniques laid the foundations for modern poetry, literature, and rhetoric.   ]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Dr. Richard L. Enos, expert on classical rhetoric, shares some of his insights on the historical moment in antiquity where rhetoric was conceived as a discipline. The innovation of the alphabet gave a larger portion of society easy access to tools for abstract thought, leading to fundamental changes in society. Dr. Enos traces how the ancient traditions of oral histories and memorization techniques laid the foundations for modern poetry, literature, and rhetoric.   ]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2020 07:50:56 -0800</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/a34344a2/4a6afdc5.mp3" length="78429733" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/ctppCEU4HIE-HzyMT7v3KwXNdzvzqg3dqqTWp9g5_wA/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzQwMTUxOS8x/NjA1NTQxODU2LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4791</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Richard L. Enos, expert on classical rhetoric, shares some of his insights on the historical moment in antiquity where rhetoric was conceived as a discipline. The innovation of the alphabet gave a larger portion of society easy access to tools for abstract thought, leading to fundamental changes in society. Dr. Enos traces how the ancient traditions of oral histories and memorization techniques laid the foundations for modern poetry, literature, and rhetoric.   </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Richard L. Enos, expert on classical rhetoric, shares some of his insights on the historical moment in antiquity where rhetoric was conceived as a discipline. The innovation of the alphabet gave a larger portion of society easy access to tools for abs</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>literacy, orality, richard enos, classical rhetoric</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
      <podcast:person role="Guest" href="https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/people/dr-richard-leo-enos">Dr. Richard Leo Enos</podcast:person>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Connecting with Your Audience to Facilitate Change</title>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>5</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Connecting with Your Audience to Facilitate Change</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <guid isPermaLink="false">47a24be5-295f-49c3-8a84-00ad0202f855</guid>
      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/5</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Author and master trainer Vidar Top and Dr. Isaksen discuss how you can create a powerful connection with individuals and audiences so they can change for the better. (more from Vidar Top at <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fevtop&amp;data=04%7C01%7Cliv.g.lofthus%40usn.no%7Caa03055c8a764064328c08d87417e94e%7Cbc758dd0ab5343729a7ce98a9620862c%7C0%7C0%7C637386993328451622%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=DLG9cOFy6M2tAADTgapGvBkt4t1XBbrliXDRxzEJX0o%3D&amp;reserved=0">www.linkedin.com/in/evtop</a> and <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fvidartop.com%2F&amp;data=04%7C01%7Cliv.g.lofthus%40usn.no%7Caa03055c8a764064328c08d87417e94e%7Cbc758dd0ab5343729a7ce98a9620862c%7C0%7C0%7C637386993328461576%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=FQM%2Bd7%2BWFIOInRqaTIhoj7DZT5dM0meC92KRd1rx9cA%3D&amp;reserved=0">http://vidartop.com</a>). </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Author and master trainer Vidar Top and Dr. Isaksen discuss how you can create a powerful connection with individuals and audiences so they can change for the better. (more from Vidar Top at <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linkedin.com%2Fin%2Fevtop&amp;data=04%7C01%7Cliv.g.lofthus%40usn.no%7Caa03055c8a764064328c08d87417e94e%7Cbc758dd0ab5343729a7ce98a9620862c%7C0%7C0%7C637386993328451622%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=DLG9cOFy6M2tAADTgapGvBkt4t1XBbrliXDRxzEJX0o%3D&amp;reserved=0">www.linkedin.com/in/evtop</a> and <a href="https://eur03.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fvidartop.com%2F&amp;data=04%7C01%7Cliv.g.lofthus%40usn.no%7Caa03055c8a764064328c08d87417e94e%7Cbc758dd0ab5343729a7ce98a9620862c%7C0%7C0%7C637386993328461576%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&amp;sdata=FQM%2Bd7%2BWFIOInRqaTIhoj7DZT5dM0meC92KRd1rx9cA%3D&amp;reserved=0">http://vidartop.com</a>). </p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 19 Oct 2020 04:44:22 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/5f8e7bce/dea31754.mp3" length="76052223" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/Z_ygHALDASMwT5rsrxJc5QU0zN4-3qPePvVXJJ3PcRY/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzM3ODY3NC8x/NjA3MDkxNjE2LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>4461</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Author and master trainer Vidar Top and Dr. Isaksen discuss how you can create a powerful connection with individuals and audiences so they can change for the better. </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Author and master trainer Vidar Top and Dr. Isaksen discuss how you can create a powerful connection with individuals and audiences so they can change for the better. </itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, leadership, argumentation, persuasion, ethical</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Slaying the Tyrant: How the Topos of the Tyrant Was Used to Defend Democracy</title>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>4</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Slaying the Tyrant: How the Topos of the Tyrant Was Used to Defend Democracy</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>The topos of the tyrant was a rhetorical weapon to defend democracy. The current "authoritarian moment" calls for a renaissance of this rhetorical exercise. A speaker can use "the topos of a tyrant" by recounting and elaborating on "the six vices of a tyrant": suspicion, cruelty, savagery, arrogance, immorality, and avarice. As Cicero stated, "when it comes to preserving the people's freedom, no one is just a private citizen." It is the duty of every citizen to guard against tyranny and from becoming tyrants ourselves.</p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>The topos of the tyrant was a rhetorical weapon to defend democracy. The current "authoritarian moment" calls for a renaissance of this rhetorical exercise. A speaker can use "the topos of a tyrant" by recounting and elaborating on "the six vices of a tyrant": suspicion, cruelty, savagery, arrogance, immorality, and avarice. As Cicero stated, "when it comes to preserving the people's freedom, no one is just a private citizen." It is the duty of every citizen to guard against tyranny and from becoming tyrants ourselves.</p>]]>
      </content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 16 Oct 2020 22:45:24 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
      <enclosure url="https://media.transistor.fm/b7697953/f5789baf.mp3" length="13839170" type="audio/mpeg"/>
      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>862</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>In ancient Greece and Rome, the topos of the tyrant was a rhetorical exercise to train students to defend democracy against rising authoritarians. Dr. Isaksen describes the exercise and outlines how it can be used today to rouse the people to fight against aspiring and actual tyrants.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>In ancient Greece and Rome, the topos of the tyrant was a rhetorical exercise to train students to defend democracy against rising authoritarians. Dr. Isaksen describes the exercise and outlines how it can be used today to rouse the people to fight agains</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>tyranny, rhetoric, narcissism, trump, authoritarianism, defense of democracy, Tacitus, Euripedes, Belarus, freedom, argument, progymnasmata</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Speech Writing and Defense Against the Dark Arts in Communication</title>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>3</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Speech Writing and Defense Against the Dark Arts in Communication</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <link>https://rhetorical-leadership.transistor.fm/3</link>
      <description>
        <![CDATA[<p>Debate champion and communication consultant Daniël Schut joins Dr. Isaksen to discuss how he coaches his clients for debates and speeches, the ethical issues in communication consulting, how some scientific research and theories on persuasion may be destroying the basis for democracy, and how that can be countered. (more from Schut at <a href="https://adrem-debatstrategie.nl">https://adrem-debatstrategie.nl</a>) </p>]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[<p>Debate champion and communication consultant Daniël Schut joins Dr. Isaksen to discuss how he coaches his clients for debates and speeches, the ethical issues in communication consulting, how some scientific research and theories on persuasion may be destroying the basis for democracy, and how that can be countered. (more from Schut at <a href="https://adrem-debatstrategie.nl">https://adrem-debatstrategie.nl</a>) </p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2020 05:04:43 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:duration>5300</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Debate champion and communication consultant Daniël Schut joins Dr. Isaksen to discuss how he coaches his clients for debates and speeches, the ethical issues in communication consulting, how some scientific research and theories on persuasion may be destroying the basis for democracy, and how that can be countered. (more from Schut at https://adrem-debatstrategie.nl)  </itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Debate champion and communication consultant Daniël Schut joins Dr. Isaksen to discuss how he coaches his clients for debates and speeches, the ethical issues in communication consulting, how some scientific research and theories on persuasion may be dest</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, communication, Kahneman, pathos, emotional appeals, speech writing, presentation, debates, media, trump, persuasion, narrative</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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      <title>Procatalepsis: The Art of Anticipating Counterarguments.</title>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>2</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Procatalepsis: The Art of Anticipating Counterarguments.</itunes:title>
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        <![CDATA[Dr. Isaksen explains how to anticipate counterarguments in your speeches, using Barack Obama's "We the people" speech as an example of what to do, and Brutus' speech in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" as an example of what not to do.]]>
      </description>
      <content:encoded>
        <![CDATA[Dr. Isaksen explains how to anticipate counterarguments in your speeches, using Barack Obama's "We the people" speech as an example of what to do, and Brutus' speech in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" as an example of what not to do.]]>
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      <pubDate>Wed, 16 Sep 2020 04:44:59 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:image href="https://img.transistor.fm/vNJmbJRKzGABw9EMi7Z9hsHtgZDg_DpCkECR7L1AwNQ/rs:fill:0:0:1/w:1400/h:1400/q:60/mb:500000/aHR0cHM6Ly9pbWct/dXBsb2FkLXByb2R1/Y3Rpb24udHJhbnNp/c3Rvci5mbS9lcGlz/b2RlLzM0OTY2Ni8x/NjA3MDkxODM2LWFy/dHdvcmsuanBn.jpg"/>
      <itunes:duration>959</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Isaksen explains how to anticipate counterarguments in your speeches, using Barack Obama's "We the people" speech as an example of what to do, and Brutus' speech in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" as an example of what not to do.</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Isaksen explains how to anticipate counterarguments in your speeches, using Barack Obama's "We the people" speech as an example of what to do, and Brutus' speech in Shakespeare's "Julius Caesar" as an example of what not to do.</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>rhetoric, procatalepsis, counterarguments, speech communication, Kenneth Burke, Barack Obama, rebuttal</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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      <title>Rhetorical Style</title>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <podcast:episode>1</podcast:episode>
      <itunes:title>Rhetorical Style</itunes:title>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Isaksen uses examples from Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs, and Christopher Titus to explain the high, medium, and low rhetorical styles, and how and when these are best used." </p>]]>
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        <![CDATA[<p>Dr. Isaksen uses examples from Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs, and Christopher Titus to explain the high, medium, and low rhetorical styles, and how and when these are best used." </p>]]>
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      <pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2020 05:46:35 -0700</pubDate>
      <author>David Erland Isaksen</author>
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      <itunes:author>David Erland Isaksen</itunes:author>
      <itunes:duration>737</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:summary>Dr. Isaksen uses examples from Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs, and Christopher Titus to explain the high, medium, and low rhetorical styles, and how and when these are best used."</itunes:summary>
      <itunes:subtitle>Dr. Isaksen uses examples from Martin Luther King, Steve Jobs, and Christopher Titus to explain the high, medium, and low rhetorical styles, and how and when these are best used."</itunes:subtitle>
      <itunes:keywords>Rhetoric</itunes:keywords>
      <itunes:explicit>No</itunes:explicit>
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